公开(公告)号：US08109218B2

公开(公告)日：2012-02-07

申请号：US12689932

申请日：2010-01-19

Applicant: Chris Chapman ,  David Ovens ,  David Deegan ,  Saeed Ismail

Inventor： Chris Chapman ,  David Ovens ,  David Deegan ,  Saeed Ismail

IPC: B09B3/00 ,  F23D14/00 ,  F23G5/00 ,  F23G7/00 ,  F23G5/12 ,  A47J36/00 ,  A47J36/24 ,  B23K9/00 ,  B23K9/02 ,  A62D3/19

CPC classification number: F23G5/027 ,  F23G5/006 ,  F23G5/02 ,  F23G5/085 ,  F23G5/30 ,  F23G5/46 ,  F23G2201/303 ,  F23G2201/304 ,  F23G2201/40 ,  F23G2203/50 ,  F23G2204/201 ,  F23G2206/203 ,  F23G2900/50208 ,  Y02E20/12

Abstract: A process for the treatment of waste, the process comprising either a gasification step or a pyrolysis step to produce an offgas and a non-airborne, solid char material; followed by a plasma treatment step. An associated apparatus having a plasma treatment unit which is separate from the gasification unit or pyrolysis unit.

Abstract translation: 用于处理废物的方法，该方法包括气化步骤或热解步骤以产生废气和非空气传播的固体炭材料; 随后进行等离子体处理步骤。 具有与气化单元或热解单元分离的等离子体处理单元的相关装置。

公开(公告)号：US20120017510A1

公开(公告)日：2012-01-26

申请号：US13008885

申请日：2011-01-18

Applicant: Philip D. Leveson

Inventor： Philip D. Leveson

IPC: C10J1/02 ,  F23H17/00

CPC classification number: C10J3/26 ,  C10J3/32 ,  C10J3/36 ,  C10J3/40 ,  C10J3/723 ,  C10J2200/152 ,  C10J2200/156 ,  C10J2300/0916 ,  C10J2300/092 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  F23B50/06 ,  F23G2201/40 ,  F23G2203/401 ,  F23G2900/50002 ,  F23H1/00

Abstract: A downdraft gasifier (1) has an oxidant inlet (3), a biomass injector (2), a grate (9), a gas exit port (7), and an ash removal system (11). A sensor (10) maintains the height of the bed and a rotating paddle (5) maintains the top of the bed (4) at an even height. The grate arrangement (9) is preferably a sliding grate arrangement which actively moves ash material through the grate. An in-bed oxidant distributor (6) injects oxidant within the bed.

Abstract translation: 下气流气化器（1）具有氧化剂入口（3），生物质喷射器（2），炉排（9），气体出口（7）和除灰系统（11）。 传感器（10）保持床的高度，并且旋转桨（5）将床（4）的顶部保持在均匀的高度。 格栅布置（9）优选地是主动地移动灰料通过格栅的滑动格栅布置。 床上氧化剂分配器（6）在床内注入氧化剂。

公开(公告)号：US20110146155A1

公开(公告)日：2011-06-23

申请号：US13060096

申请日：2009-08-28

Applicant: Jens Dall Bentzen

Inventor： Jens Dall Bentzen

IPC: C10B1/00 ,  C01B3/36

CPC classification number: F23G5/24 ,  C10J3/34 ,  C10J3/723 ,  C10J3/80 ,  C10J2200/09 ,  C10J2200/154 ,  C10J2200/158 ,  C10J2300/0916 ,  C10J2300/092 ,  C10J2300/0946 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0973 ,  C10J2300/1884 ,  C10J2300/1892 ,  C10K1/101 ,  F23G5/027 ,  F23G5/50 ,  F23G2201/303 ,  F23G2201/304 ,  F23G2201/40 ,  F23L7/007 ,  F23L2900/00001 ,  Y02E20/12 ,  Y02E20/344

Abstract: Solid fuel can be converted into a clean hot flue gas with a low content of volatile organic compounds (VOC's), NOx and dust, and clean ash with a low carbon content by means of a stage-divided thermal reactor, where the conversion process of the solid fuel is in separate vertical stages (from below and up): ash burn-out, char oxidation and gasification, pyrolysis, drying, and a gas combustion stage where gas from the gasifier is combusted.

Abstract translation: 固体燃料可以通过分段热分解反应器转化为具有低含量挥发性有机化合物（VOC），NOx和粉尘以及低碳含量的清洁灰分的干净的热烟气，其中转化过程 固体燃料处于分开的垂直阶段（从下到上）：灰分燃烧，焦炭氧化和气化，热解，干燥以及来自气化器的气体燃烧的气体燃烧阶段。

公开(公告)号：US20110120007A1

公开(公告)日：2011-05-26

申请号：US12999163

申请日：2009-06-12

Applicant: Yoshiaki Matsuzawa ,  Toshiyuki Suda ,  Kenichiro Kondo

Inventor： Yoshiaki Matsuzawa ,  Toshiyuki Suda ,  Kenichiro Kondo

IPC: C10J3/48 ,  C10J3/46

CPC classification number: C10J3/463 ,  C10J3/482 ,  C10J3/56 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0976 ,  C10J2300/0993 ,  C10J2300/1637 ,  C10J2300/1807 ,  C10J2300/1853 ,  F23C10/005 ,  F23C10/10 ,  F23G5/0276 ,  F23G5/30 ,  F23G7/001 ,  F23G2201/304 ,  F23G2201/40 ,  F23G2203/501 ,  F23G2203/503

Abstract: Provided are a fluidized-bed combustion furnace 1, a separator 8 for separation into bed material 11 and an exhaust gas, a fluidized-bed gasification furnace 40 into which the bed material 11 is introduced through a downcomer 46 and into which raw material is introduced, a circulation passage for circulating char and the bed material 11 to the combustion furnace 1, a dispersion section 43 extending along a width of a bed-material-introduction-side wall 41 of the gasification furnace 40 to receive the bed material 11 from the downcomer, fluidizing-gas introduction means 47 for blowing fluidizing gas into the dispersion section 43 to fluidize the bed material 11 in the section 43, and a supply section 48 for supplying the bed material 11 in the dispersion section 43 to the fluidized-bed gasification furnace 40 substantially evenly throughout the width on the bed-material-introduction side.

Abstract translation: 提供了流化床燃烧炉1，用于分离成床材料11的分离器8和废气，流化床气化炉40，通过降液管46将床料11引入其中并将原料引入其中 用于将炭和床料11循环到燃烧炉1的循环通道，沿着气化炉40的床料引入侧壁41的宽度延伸的分散部43，以从床 降液管，用于将流化气体吹入分散部分43以使部分43中的床料11流化的流化气体引入装置47和用于将分散部分43中的床材料11供给到流化床气化 炉床40在床材引入侧的整个宽度上基本上均匀。

公开(公告)号：US07947095B2

公开(公告)日：2011-05-24

申请号：US11914622

申请日：2006-05-15

Applicant: Juha Palonen ,  Jorma Nieminen ,  Katriina Nieminen, legal representative

Inventor： Juha Palonen ,  Jorma Nieminen

IPC: C01B3/36 ,  C01B3/02 ,  C10J3/46 ,  C10J3/54 ,  C10J3/68 ,  C10J3/00 ,  B01J7/00 ,  C10K3/06

CPC classification number: C10J3/482 ,  C10J3/54 ,  C10J3/56 ,  C10J2300/0916 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0946 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  C10J2300/0983 ,  C10J2300/0993 ,  C10J2300/1253 ,  C10J2300/1628 ,  C10J2300/1807 ,  C10J2300/1846 ,  F23G2201/40 ,  F23G2202/20 ,  F23G2203/30 ,  F23G2203/501 ,  F23G2209/30

Abstract: A method of and an apparatus for gasifying carbonaceous material, the apparatus including a gasification reactor, to which oxygen-containing primary gas and secondary gasification gas are introduced, whereby a portion of the material to be gasified is gasified to product gas, residual carbon contained in the fly ash extracted from the product gas is combusted in a cyclone combustor, and the exhaust gas from the cyclone combustor is guided to above the bottom level of the gasification reactor to act as secondary gasification gas.

Abstract translation: 一种用于气化碳质材料的方法和装置，该装置包括气化反应器，向其中引入含氧一次气体和二次气化气体，由此将待气化的材料的一部分气化成产物气体，含有残留的碳 在从产物气体中提取的飞灰在旋风燃烧器中燃烧，并且来自旋风燃烧器的废气被引导到气化反应器的底部高度以作为二次气化气体。

公开(公告)号：US07832344B2

公开(公告)日：2010-11-16

申请号：US11445445

申请日：2006-06-01

Applicant: Jose A. Capote ,  Joseph A. Rosin ,  Hsien Wu

Inventor： Jose A. Capote ,  Joseph A. Rosin ,  Hsien Wu

IPC: F23G5/10 ,  F23G5/12

CPC classification number: F23G7/061 ,  F23G5/085 ,  F23G5/32 ,  F23G5/50 ,  F23G2201/301 ,  F23G2201/40 ,  F23G2204/201 ,  F23G2900/54402 ,  F23N5/003

Abstract: A waste treatment system processes waste upon the application of energy. The system includes a vessel, and a plurality of plasma torches. Organic and/or inorganic waste may be introduced into the vessel, and the plasma torches may supply energy to treat the waste. The vessel is shaped to facilitate a cyclonic or substantially cyclonic flow of the contents within the vessel. The plasma torches may be positioned to enhance the cyclonic flow within the vessel.

Abstract translation: 废物处理系统在应用能源时处理浪费。 该系统包括容器和多个等离子体炬。 可以将有机和/或无机废物引入容器中，并且等离子体火炬可以提供能量来处理废物。 容器成形为便于容器内的内容物的气旋或基本上气旋的流动。 等离子体炬可以定位成增强容器内的气旋流。

公开(公告)号：US07752983B2

公开(公告)日：2010-07-13

申请号：US11454366

申请日：2006-06-16

Applicant: Rodrigo B. Vera

Inventor： Rodrigo B. Vera

IPC: F23G5/10 ,  F23G5/027

CPC classification number: C10J3/18 ,  C10J2300/1276 ,  C10J2300/1675 ,  C10K1/101 ,  C10K1/12 ,  F23G2201/40 ,  F23G2204/201

Abstract: A method and apparatus for plasma gasification of waste materials consisting of organic and inorganic portions is provided which includes a refractory-lined reactor vessel, a feeder mechanism, and a DC electrode device. The refractory-lined reactor vessel has a processing chamber formed therein. The feeder mechanism feeds continuously waste materials into the processing chamber at a controlled feed rate. The DC electrode device is used for heating the processing chamber to a sufficient temperature so as to convert the organic portions of the waste materials to a synthetic gas consisting of hydrogen and carbon monoxide and to a carbon particulate, and to convert the inorganic portions of the waste materials to a molten material consisting of a lower metallic layer and a slag layer formed on top of the metallic layer.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种用于等离子体气化由有机和无机部分组成的废料的方法和装置，其包括耐火材料衬里反应器容器，馈送机构和直流电极装置。 耐火材料衬里的反应器容器具有形成在其中的处理室。 进料机构以受控的进料速率将连续的废料进料到处理室中。 DC电极装置用于将处理室加热到足够的温度，以将废弃物的有机部分转化成由氢和一氧化碳组成的合成气体和碳颗粒，并将其中的无机部分 将废料浪费在由金属层上形成的下部金属层和渣层组成的熔融材料上。

公开(公告)号：US20100132633A1

公开(公告)日：2010-06-03

申请号：US12493271

申请日：2009-06-29

Applicant: Ke Liu ,  Vladimir Zamansky ,  Lingzhi Zhang

Inventor： Ke Liu ,  Vladimir Zamansky ,  Lingzhi Zhang

IPC: F02B43/08 ,  B01J8/00 ,  B09B3/00 ,  C10J3/46 ,  C01B3/38

CPC classification number: F23G5/46 ,  C01B3/38 ,  C01B2203/0244 ,  C01B2203/0261 ,  C01B2203/0405 ,  C01B2203/044 ,  C01B2203/047 ,  C01B2203/06 ,  C01B2203/062 ,  C01B2203/066 ,  C10J3/482 ,  C10J3/84 ,  C10J2300/1838 ,  C10K3/023 ,  F23G5/0276 ,  F23G7/001 ,  F23G7/10 ,  F23G2201/301 ,  F23G2201/303 ,  F23G2201/304 ,  F23G2201/40 ,  F23G2202/104 ,  F23G2202/60 ,  F23G2206/202 ,  F23G2206/203 ,  F23G2209/26 ,  F23G2900/50202 ,  F23G2900/50208 ,  F23G2900/7003 ,  F23J15/025 ,  F23J15/027 ,  Y02E20/12 ,  Y02P20/145

Abstract: In one aspect, the present invention provides a biomass gasifier comprising a reactor. The reactor includes (i) an inlet for biomass, (ii) an inlet for an oxygen-containing gas, (iii) an inlet for steam, (iv) an outlet for reactor product gas, (v) an outlet for ash, (vi) a biogas exit conduit coupled to the outlet for the reactor product gas and (vii) an inlet for a secondary oxygen source. The biogas exit conduit includes a catalytic partial oxidation unit, the catalytic partial oxidation unit is substantially restricting the biogas exit conduit. A system and method for biomass gasification is also provided.

Abstract translation: 一方面，本发明提供一种包含反应器的生物质气化器。 反应器包括（i）用于生物质的入口，（ii）含氧气体的入口，（iii）蒸汽入口，（iv）反应器产物气体的出口，（v）灰分出口， vi）连接到用于反应器产物气体的出口的生物气体出口导管和（vii）用于次级氧源的入口。 生物气出口导管包括催化部分氧化装置，催化部分氧化装置基本上限制生物气体出口导管。 还提供了用于生物质气化的系统和方法。

公开(公告)号：US20100037519A1

公开(公告)日：2010-02-18

申请号：US12493988

申请日：2009-06-29

Applicant: KRUSHNA N. PATIL ,  RAYMOND L. HUHNKE ,  DANIELLE D. BELLMER

Inventor： KRUSHNA N. PATIL ,  RAYMOND L. HUHNKE ,  DANIELLE D. BELLMER

IPC: C10J3/34 ,  C10J3/70

CPC classification number: F23G5/027 ,  C10J3/26 ,  C10J3/32 ,  C10J3/42 ,  C10J3/66 ,  C10J3/80 ,  C10J2200/156 ,  C10J2200/158 ,  C10J2300/0916 ,  F23G2201/303 ,  F23G2201/40 ,  F23G2205/14 ,  F23G2205/18 ,  F23G2900/50002 ,  Y02P20/145

Abstract: A downdraft gasifier is disclosed. The gasifier includes a biomass section that accepts and stirs raw biomass materials, a pyrolysis and tar cracking section having an inner cylinder for receiving biomass and an outer surrounding cylinder for gases from the biomass, and a char gasification section for receiving biomass and gases from the pyrolysis and tar cracking section. The char gasification section provides a grating and scraper for passing gases and ash and retaining biomass for char gasification on the grate.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种向下吸气式气化炉。 气化器包括接收和搅拌原生生物质材料的生物质部分，具有用于接收生物质的内筒和用于来自生物质的气体的外围圆筒的热解焦油裂解部分和用于从生物质接收生物质和气体的焦化气化部分 热解焦油裂解段。 焦炭气化部分提供了一个格栅和刮板，用于通过气体和灰分，并将保留生物质用于格栅上的炭气化。

公开(公告)号：US20090020052A1

公开(公告)日：2009-01-22

申请号：US11919039

申请日：2006-04-28

Applicant: Francesco Becchetti ,  Franz-Eicke Von Christen

Inventor： Francesco Becchetti ,  Franz-Eicke Von Christen

IPC: F23G5/027 ,  F23G5/033 ,  F23G5/04 ,  F23G5/46 ,  F23J15/02

CPC classification number: C10J3/66 ,  C10J2300/094 ,  C10J2300/0946 ,  C10J2300/0956 ,  F23G5/0273 ,  F23G5/033 ,  F23G5/04 ,  F23G5/20 ,  F23G5/46 ,  F23G2201/101 ,  F23G2201/30 ,  F23G2201/40 ,  F23G2201/602 ,  F23G2201/80 ,  F23G2206/203 ,  F23J15/025 ,  F23J2215/60 ,  F23J2217/101 ,  F23J2217/102 ,  F23J2219/30 ,  F23J2219/80 ,  Y02E20/12 ,  Y02P20/125 ,  Y02P20/129

Abstract: Process for solid waste treatment, and particularly municipal solid waste, with recovery of the thermal energy, which is based on the general pyrolysis process modified in order to improve, on the one hand, the energy yield and, on the other, to reduce the quantity of unusable solid residues to be sent to the waste disposal, the unusable solid waste being limited to 10-15% of the total weight of the initial residue. The process and relative plant include a boosted treatment of the incoming waste, with a preliminary separation into three solid fractions, the first one of which is separately subjected to a preliminary drying step and the third one undergoes further shredding. The process and relative plant also include a section for recovering energy from the pyrolysis coke, wherein the latter is subjected to a thermochemical treatment with the production of a further quantity of synthesis gas.

Abstract translation: 固体废物处理方法，特别是城市固体废物，回收热能，这是基于改进的一般热解过程，一方面提高能量产出，另一方面减少 数量的不可用的固体残余物被送到废物处理中，不可用的固体废物被限制在初始残留物总重量的10-15％。 该方法和相关设备包括对进入的废物进行加强处理，初步分离成三个固体馏分，其中第一个单独进行预干燥步骤，第三个进行进一步粉碎。 该方法和相关工厂还包括用于从热解焦炭中回收能量的部分，其中后者通过再生产合成气进行热化学处理。