Abstract:
A method and an apparatus for measuring the strength of an AC electric field or an equivalent voltage, or the strength of an AC magnetic field or an equivalent current, based on a light beam which is transmitted through and thus modulated by an optical sensing head due to the Pockel's and Faraday effects, while the sensing head is exposed to the AC electric and magnetic fields. The sensing head includes an optical material which exhibits the Pockel's effect and an optical material which exhibits the Faraday effect, or includes an optical material which exhibits both the Pockel's and Faraday effects. The modulated beam is applied to a light-sensitive element, which produces an electric output signal. A first and a second component of the electric output signal are retrieved by respective detectors. The first component has a same frequency as that of the electric or magnetic field, while said second component has a frequency which is two times that of said electric or magnetic field. The electric field strength or the voltage, and the magnetic field strength or the current are determined by one and the other of the first and second components, respectively.
Abstract:
There is provided a spark ignited internal combustion engine having a geometric compression ratio of 13.0 or greater. The engine comprises combustion chambers having a cylinder stroke volume of 0.3 liter or greater, with the spark plug in the chamber ceiling having its spark point in the combustion chamber, and a cavity being formed on the top surface of the piston. At least part of the cavity defines a spherical surface that a hypothetical sphere having its center at the spark point contacts when the piston is at top dead center. The cavity is formed so that V2/V1≧0.31, where V1 is top-dead-center combustion chamber volume, and V2 is the volume of the part of the hypothetical sphere not interfering with the combustion chamber floor or ceiling at top dead center. The flame thus spreads with less interference, shortening combustion duration and reducing fuel consumption.
Abstract:
A soldering machine includes a solder vessel, an electromagnetic pump, and a nozzle. The solder vessel stores molten solder, and the electromagnetic pump moves the solder by generating electromagnetic force. The electromagnetic pump is submerged below the liquid surface of the solder. The nozzle ejects the solder in the solder vessel onto an object, such as a printed circuit board. Accordingly, the generated heat from the electromagnetic pump is conducted to the solder in the solder vessel, and the solder can be heated to a higher temperature than in the conventional soldering machine.
Abstract:
AlGaInP system laser device (24) and AlGaAs system laser device (26) are arranged so that respective stripes (28, 30) are parallel to each other. The AlGaInP system laser device (24) is placed to (011) plane (22b) side from the centerline of the substrate and the AlGaAs system laser device (26) is placed to the (0{overscore (1)}{overscore (1)}) plane (22a) side from the centerline of the substrate when viewed from the main emitting plane (01{overscore (1)}) (22c) side of laser light. Substrate (22) is an off substrate and inclines from the (0{overscore (1)}{overscore (1)}) plane (22a) toward the (011) plane (22b) with respect to the (100) plane at a certain angle (θ off) within the range of 2 degrees and 15 degrees. Optical axis L1 of the AlGaInP system laser device (24) is parallel to optical axis L2 of the AlGaAs system laser device (26) and approaches at an angle of about 0.5 degrees.
Abstract:
AlGaInP system laser device (24) and AlGaAs system laser device (26) are arranged so that respective stripes (28, 30) are parallel to each other. The AlGaInP system laser device (24) is placed to (011) plane (22b) side from the centerline of the substrate and the AlGaAs system laser device (26) is placed to the (0{overscore (1)}{overscore (1)}) plane (22a) side from the centerline of the substrate when viewed from the main emitting plane (01{overscore (1)}) (22c) side of laser light. Substrate (22) is an off substrate and inclines from the (0{overscore (1)}{overscore (1)}) plane (22a) toward the (011) plane (22b) with respect to the (100) plane at a certain angle (θ off) within the range of 2 degrees and 15 degrees. Optical axis L1 of the AlGaInP system laser device (24) is parallel to optical axis L2 of the AlGaAs system laser device (26) and approaches at an angle of about 0.5 degrees.
Abstract:
A system for controlling topology views for operators in network management includes a data-storage unit which stores data of a base topology view, a security-management unit which controls access-authorization information with respect to each of the operators, the access-authorization information for a given operator defining network elements accessible by the given operator, and a topology-view-management unit which generates data of a dependent topology view by making a partial copy of the data of the base topology view only with respect to the network elements accessible by the given operator, thereby providing the dependent topology view to be presented to the given operator.
Abstract:
The present invention provides an electrode for a ceramic electrode fluorescent discharge lamp; an electrode material for a discharge lamp, which has high electron flow density, high thermal shock resistance, and reduced deterioration due to sputtering; and also a method for manufacturing the same. The invention makes it possible to reduce the tube diameter of the ceramic electrode fluorescent discharge lamp. An electrode material for a discharge lamp is obtained from a first component of 0.5 to 1.5 mols of BaO, CaO or SrO, a second component of 0.05 to less than 0.3 mols or more than 0.7 to 0.95 mols of ZrO2 or TiO2, and a third component of 0.025 to less than 0.3 mols of V2O5, Nb2O5, Ta2O5, Sc2O3, Y2O3, La2O3, Dy2O3, or Ho2O3, or 0.05 to less than 0.15 mols or more than 0.35 to 0.95 mols of HfO2, CrO3, MoO3 or WO3. This electrode material is granulated and is turned into a massive, granular, or porous electrode material. This is placed in a cylindrical semiconductor ceramic container with a closed bottom and is reduced and fired to prepare an electrode. A mercury dispenser of the ceramic electrode fluorescent discharge lamp is disposed in series between the cylindrical semiconductor ceramic container with a closed bottom and a lead-in portion of the lead wire.
Abstract translation:本发明提供一种陶瓷电极荧光放电灯用电极, 用于放电灯的电极材料,其电子密度高,耐热冲击性高,并且由于溅射而导致的劣化降低; 以及其制造方法。 本发明可以减小陶瓷电极荧光放电灯的管径。 用于放电灯的电极材料由0.5至1.5摩尔的BaO,CaO或SrO的第一组分,0.05至小于0.3摩尔或大于0.7至0.95摩尔的ZrO 2或TiO 2的第二组分和第三组分 0.025至小于0.3摩尔的V 2 O 5,Nb 2 O 5,Ta 2 O 5,Sc 2 O 3,Y 2 O 3,La 2 O 3,Dy 2 O 3或Ho 2 O 3,或0.05至小于0.15摩尔或大于0.35至0.95摩尔的HfO 2,CrO 3,MoO 3或WO 3。 将该电极材料造粒并变成块状,粒状或多孔的电极材料。 将其放置在具有封闭底部的圆筒形半导体陶瓷容器中并且被还原和烧制以制备电极。 陶瓷电极荧光放电灯的水银分配器串联设置在具有封闭底部的圆筒形半导体陶瓷容器和引线的引入部分之间。
Abstract:
An information-processing apparatus for document editing. The apparatus has multiple editors for editing documents according to the individual document type. An editing operation interlocking work identifier analyzes the meaning of a work corresponding to a give editing operation on a document. Editing operations for the documents, and information about associated works, are defined in an editing operation interlocking work correlating table. The associated work is done in parallel with, or later than, an editing operation for the document. The editing operation interlocking work identifier refers to the correlating table. A process starting controller refers to an interlocking work starting process correlating table in which information about the associated works and starting processes are defined.
Abstract:
Lactoferrin hydrolyzates, having a decomposition rate between 6%-20% as measured by formol titration, for use as an antibacterial agent, and which have remarkably more potent activity than unhydrolyzed lactoferrin; and lactoferrin hydrolyzates, having a decomposition rate between 4-50% as measured by formol titration, for use as a tyrosinase inhibition agent, are obtainable by conventional methods for hydrolysis with acids or enzymes, and are stable to heating.
Abstract:
A machine translation apparatus for automatically generating a classified-by-field dictionary to be used for translating a pseudo code program into a program in a plurality of other languages based on a design document described in notation data used to describe a design document which produces a pseudo code program in which names are defined by at least two languages; and for automatically translating a pseudo code program described in a language into a pseudo code program described in another language.