公开(公告)号：US5152977A

公开(公告)日：1992-10-06

申请号：US754346

申请日：1991-09-05

Applicant: Umberto Zardi ,  Giorgio Pagani

Inventor： Umberto Zardi ,  Giorgio Pagani

IPC: B01J8/04 ,  C01C1/04

CPC classification number: B01J8/0496 ,  B01J8/0415 ,  C01C1/0405 ,  C01C1/0452 ,  B01J2208/00212 ,  B01J2208/00274 ,  B01J2208/0053 ,  Y02P20/124 ,  Y02P20/129 ,  Y02P20/52

Abstract: In a process for exothermic and heterogeneous synthesis, for example of ammonia, in which the synthesis gas is reacted in several catalytic beds with axial-radial or only radial flow, the reaction gas is collected at the outlet from the last catalytic bed but one and is transferred to a system for heat recovery external to the reactor, and is re-introduced into the last catalytic bed.

公开(公告)号：US4952375A

公开(公告)日：1990-08-28

申请号：US210868

申请日：1988-06-24

Applicant: Umberto Zardi

Inventor： Umberto Zardi

IPC: B01J8/04 ,  C01C1/04 ,  C07C29/152

CPC classification number: C01C1/0423 ,  B01J8/0415 ,  B01J8/0434 ,  B01J8/0453 ,  B01J8/0469 ,  B01J8/0496 ,  C07C29/152 ,  B01J2208/00194 ,  Y02P20/52 ,  Y10T29/49826

Abstract: The energy consumption of conventional reactors for heterogeneous synthesis, e.g., ammonia synthesis and methanol synthesis, wherein the synthesis gas flows substantially axially through catalyst beds, is substantially reduced by inserting in at least one catalyst bed: two concentric cylindrical substantially perforated walls to laterally delimit the bed; a bottom closure between these walls; and optionally a diaphragm on top of the bed. Optionally also, a catalyst granulometry gradient may be employed in the upper part of the bed. An upper minor portion of at least one of the cylindrical walls may be unperforated. The synthesis gas now traverses the bed substantially radially.

公开(公告)号：US4755362A

公开(公告)日：1988-07-05

申请号：US859044

申请日：1986-05-02

Applicant: Umberto Zardi

Inventor： Umberto Zardi

IPC: B01J8/04 ,  C01C1/04 ,  C07C29/152 ,  A01C1/00

CPC classification number: C01C1/0423 ,  B01J8/0415 ,  B01J8/0434 ,  B01J8/0453 ,  B01J8/0469 ,  B01J8/0496 ,  C07C29/152 ,  B01J2208/00194 ,  Y02P20/52 ,  Y10T29/49826

Abstract: The energy consumption of conventional reactors for heterogeneous synthesis, e.g., ammonia synthesis and methanol synthesis, wherein the synthesis gas flows substantially axially through catalyst beds, is substantially reduced by inserting in at least one catalyst bed: two concentric cylindrical substantially perforated walls to laterally delimit the bed; a bottom closure between these walls; and optionally a diaphragm on top of the bed. Optionally also, a catalyst granulometry gradient may be employed in the upper part of the bed. An upper minor portion of at least one of the cylindrical walls may be unperforated. The synthesis gas now traverses the bed substantially radially.

Abstract translation: 用于异质合成的常规反应器的能量消耗，例如氨合成和甲醇合成，其中合成气基本上轴向流过催化剂床，通过将至少一个催化剂床插入两个同心圆柱形的基本上穿孔的壁来大幅度地减少，以横向界定 床; 这些墙之间的底部封闭; 以及可选地在床的顶部上的隔膜。 也可以在床的上部使用催化剂粒度梯度。 至少一个圆柱形壁的上部小部分可以是未穿孔的。 合成气体现在大致径向地穿过床。

公开(公告)号：US4613696A

公开(公告)日：1986-09-23

申请号：US729528

申请日：1985-05-02

Applicant: Umberto Zardi

Inventor： Umberto Zardi

IPC: C07C273/04 ,  C07C126/02 ,  C07C126/08

CPC classification number: C07C273/04

Abstract: A process for the production of urea from ammonia and carbon dioxide via synthesis where the urea formation takes place in a synthesis zone (or zones) in which an excess of free ammonia is kept to favor high conversions, said synthesis zone (or zones) being followed by an ammonia separation and direct recycle to the reaction step, where the urea solution from said reaction zone (or zones) is intimately contacted for a short duration time with a minor portion of the fresh CO.sub.2. The separation step is followed by a CO.sub.2 stripping step where the residual carbamate is removed using a countercurrent fresh CO.sub.2 stream.

Abstract translation: 一种通过合成从氨和二氧化碳生产尿素的方法，其中尿素形成发生在合成区（或多个区）中，其中保留过量的游离氨以有利于高转化率，所述合成区（或区）为 然后进行氨分离并直接循环到反应步骤，其中来自所述反应区（或多个区）的尿素溶液与少量新鲜CO 2紧密接触短时间。 分离步骤之后是CO 2汽提步骤，其中使用逆流新鲜CO 2流除去残余的氨基甲酸酯。

公开(公告)号：US4405562A

公开(公告)日：1983-09-20

申请号：US318568

申请日：1981-11-05

Applicant: Umberto Zardi ,  Ettore Comandini

Inventor： Umberto Zardi ,  Ettore Comandini

IPC: B01J8/00 ,  B01J8/04 ,  C01C1/04 ,  C08F2/00 ,  C08F4/00

CPC classification number: C01C1/0423 ,  B01J8/0005 ,  B01J8/0415 ,  B01J8/0469 ,  B01J8/0496 ,  B01J2208/00194 ,  Y02P20/52

Abstract: In a reactor comprising an outer shell and an internal cartridge preferably obtained by assembling a number of stackable modular cartridges, each comprising from the outside to the inside at least one solid wall forming an air space with the shell inside wall, a continuous bottom to the solid wall, a first wall perforated for the whole of its length, a second internal wall only partially perforated, and a catalytic bed inserted between the said bottom and said walls totally respectively partially perforated, at least one heat exchanger is arranged centrally and axially in a catalytic bed; the feed gas which has cooled the external wall of the shell collects in a duct in the middle of the exchanger along which it runs in one way (for example, from top to bottom) running successively along the exchanger in the other way inside the exchanger tubes emerging preheated in the free zone over the top layer of the catalytic bed where it is mixed with fresh gas fed directly from the outside of said zone. This mixture of preheated gas and fresh gas passes through the catalytic bed first axially and then radially, collects in the centre, touches the outside of the heat exchanger tubes and from the bottom of the exchanger is sent directly to the next catalytic bed.

Abstract translation: 在包括外壳和内部盒的反应器中，其优选地通过组装多个可堆叠的模块化盒而获得，每个包括从外部到内部的至少一个固体壁，其形成具有壳体内壁的空气空间，连续的底部到 固体壁，整个长度穿孔的第一壁，仅部分穿孔的第二内壁和全部分别部分地穿过所述底部和所述壁之间的催化床，至少一个热交换器中心并且轴向地布置在 催化床; 已经冷却壳体外壁的进料气体在交换器的中间的管道中收集，沿着交换器中部的管道沿着交换器沿着交换器以一种方式（例如，从上到下）沿另一方向在交换器内连续运行 在自由区中预热的管在催化床的顶层上与其直接从所述区的外部进料的新鲜气体混合。 这种预热气体和新鲜气体的混合物首先轴向通过催化床，然后径向收集在中心，与热交换器管的外部接触，并将交换器的底部直接送到下一个催化床。

公开(公告)号：US4199537A

公开(公告)日：1980-04-22

申请号：US951158

申请日：1978-10-13

Applicant: Umberto Zardi ,  Vincenzo Lagana'

Inventor： Umberto Zardi ,  Vincenzo Lagana'

IPC: B01D1/06 ,  B01D53/18 ,  B01J10/02 ,  F28D3/04

CPC classification number: F28D3/04 ,  B01D1/065 ,  B01D53/18 ,  B01J10/02

Abstract: A distributor of liquid is disclosed, to be used in chemical apparatus having a bundle of tubes in the interior of which the liquid to be treated is distributed in the form of a thin film flowing on the internal surfaces of the tubes, the improvement consisting in the combination of a bell placed on the top surface of the tube plate and having liquid passageways formed along its bottom edge, a foraminous collar-like component placed at the bell top for feeding the liquid, and a plurality of distribution sleeves having the form of tubes through the sidewalls of which tangential bores are formed, there being one distribution sleeve for each tube of the bundle.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种液体分配器，用于具有一束管的化学设备中，其内部的待处理液体以在管的内表面上流动的薄膜的形式分布，其改进包括 设置在管板顶表面上并具有沿其底边缘形成的液体通道的钟形的组合，放置在钟表顶部用于供给液体的多孔的套状部件，以及多个分配套筒， 管穿过其切口孔的侧壁，存在用于束的每个管的一个分配套筒。

公开(公告)号：US4137262A

公开(公告)日：1979-01-30

申请号：US696405

申请日：1976-06-15

Applicant: Mario Guadalupi ,  Umberto Zardi ,  Vincenzo Lagana

Inventor： Mario Guadalupi ,  Umberto Zardi ,  Vincenzo Lagana

IPC: C07C273/04 ,  C07C126/02

CPC classification number: C07C273/04 ,  Y02P20/142

Abstract: A process for producing urea from CO.sub.2 and NH.sub.3 in which the CO.sub.2 and NH.sub.3 are reacted in a reactor, the reaction product containing unreacted carbamate, CO.sub.2, NH.sub.3 and water is passed into a first decomposer maintained at the same pressure as the reactor, the reaction product is heated and thermally decomposed in said first decomposer to separate a major amount of carbamate from the reaction product, the remaining reaction product is passed into the upper end of a second decomposer maintained at the same pressure as the reactor and first decomposer and said remaining reaction product in said second decomposer is contacted with a stripping stream of inert gas, separating the unreacted compounds from the liquid effluent and a finished product comprising a water solution of substantially pure urea is removed from the lower end of the second decomposer.

Abstract translation: 在CO 2和NH 3中生成尿素的方法，其中CO 2和NH 3在反应器中反应，含有未反应的氨基甲酸酯，CO 2，NH 3和水的反应产物进入与反应器保持相同压力的第一分解器 产物在所述第一分解器中被加热和热分解以从反应产物中分离出大量的氨基甲酸酯，剩余的反应产物进入与反应器和第一分解器保持相同压力的第二分解器的上端，并且剩余的 将所述第二分解器中的反应产物与惰性气体的汽提流接触，将未反应的化合物与液体流出物分离，并且从第二分解器的下端除去包含基本上纯的尿素水溶液的成品。

公开(公告)号：US06730278B2

公开(公告)日：2004-05-04

申请号：US09285649

申请日：1999-04-05

Applicant: Giorgio Pagani ,  Umberto Zardi

Inventor： Giorgio Pagani ,  Umberto Zardi

IPC: B01J800

CPC classification number: C07C273/04 ,  Y02P20/582

Abstract: In a process for the production of urea, substantially pure ammonia and carbon dioxide are reacted in a reaction space (1) from which comes out a reaction mixture subjected to stripping (2) to obtain a partially purified mixture sent to a urea recovery section (3, 4, 7, 8). From the recovery section (3, 4, 7, 8) it is obtained a dilute carbamate solution, which is subjected to stripping (9) with recycling of vapors to the reaction space (1) after condensation (6). This process achieves high conversion yield with reduced energy consumption and low implementation costs.

Abstract translation: 在生产尿素的方法中，基本上纯的氨和二氧化碳在反应空间（1）中反应出来，反应混合物从其中提取（2），得到部分纯化的混合物送到尿素回收部分 3，4，7，8）。 从回收部分（3,4,7,8）获得稀释的氨基甲酸酯溶液，在冷凝后（6）将蒸汽（9）循环蒸发至反应空间（1）。 该方法实现了高转化率，降低了能耗和低的实施成本。

公开(公告)号：US06696026B2

公开(公告)日：2004-02-24

申请号：US09759347

申请日：2001-01-16

Applicant: Giorgio Pagani ,  Umberto Zardi

Inventor： Giorgio Pagani ,  Umberto Zardi

IPC: C01C100

CPC classification number: C07C273/10 ,  C01C1/0488 ,  Y02P20/52 ,  Y02P20/582

Abstract: A process for the combined production of ammonia and urea of the type comprising an ammonia synthesis reactor (2), a urea synthesis reactor (5) and a urea recovery section (21) stands out for the fact of submitting at least a part of a flow comprising carbamate in aqueous solution coming from the urea recovery section (21) to a partial decomposition treatment, to obtain a flow comprising ammonia and carbon dioxide in vapor phase and a flow comprising diluted carbamate in aqueous solution, which is fed together with a gas flow comprising hydrogen, nitrogen and carbon dioxide, preferably obtained by hydrocarbons steam reforming, and a flow comprising ammonia coming from the ammonia synthesis reactor (2) to a carbamate synthesis section (3), where ammonia and carbon dioxide are caused to react, to obtain a flow comprising carbamate in aqueous solution and a gas flow comprising hydrogen and nitrogen. The flow comprising carbamate in aqueous solution is then sent to the urea synthesis reactor (5), while the gas flow comprising hydrogen and nitrogen is sent to the ammonia synthesis reactor (2).

Abstract translation: 包括氨合成反应器（2），尿素合成反应器（5）和尿素回收部分（21）类型的氨和尿素的组合生产方法脱颖而出，因为提交至少一部分 将来自尿素回收部（21）的水溶液中含有氨基甲酸酯的流体进行部分分解处理，以获得气相中含有氨和二氧化碳的流动，以及在水溶液中包含稀释的氨基甲酸酯的流体，其与气体一起进料 包括氢，氮和二氧化碳的流，优选通过烃蒸汽重整获得，以及包含氨的流从氨合成反应器（2）到氨基甲酸酯合成段（3）的流动，其中使氨和二氧化碳反应， 获得在水溶液中包含氨基甲酸酯的流和包含氢和氮的气流。 然后将包含氨基甲酸酯在水溶液中的流送入尿素合成反应器（5），同时将包含氢气和氮气的气流送至氨合成反应器（2）。

公开(公告)号：US06342632B1

公开(公告)日：2002-01-29

申请号：US08860960

申请日：1997-06-24

Applicant: Giorgio Pagani ,  Umberto Zardi

Inventor： Giorgio Pagani ,  Umberto Zardi

IPC: C07C27304

CPC classification number: C07C273/04 ,  Y02P20/582

Abstract: In a process for the production of urea, substantially pure ammonia and carbon dioxide are reacted in a reaction space (1) from which comes out a reaction mixture subjected to stripping (2) to obtain a partially purified mixture sent to a urea recovery section (3, 4, 7, 8). From the recovery section (3, 4, 7, 8) it is obtained a dilute carbamate solution, which is subjected to stripping (9) with recycling of vapors to the reaction space (1) after condensation (6). This process achieves high conversion yield with reduced energy consumption and low implementation costs.

Abstract translation: 在生产尿素的方法中，基本上纯的氨和二氧化碳在反应空间（1）中反应出来，反应混合物从其中提取（2），得到部分纯化的混合物送到尿素回收部分 3，4，7，8）。 从回收部分（3,4,7,8）获得稀释的氨基甲酸酯溶液，在冷凝后（6）将蒸汽（9）循环蒸发至反应空间（1）。 该方法实现了高转化率，降低了能耗和低的实施成本。