Abstract:
A cold-cathode fluorescent lamp, comprising a sealed lighting enclosure provided with a phosphor coating on at least part of an inner surface thereof the lighting enclosure. An electrode is provided juxtaposed a region of the inner surface of the lighting tube, the electrode energisable from an external source of energy via an electric lead supporting the electrode, and positioned adjacent the main ionisation region within the lighting enclosure. The phosphor is to be excited by radiation to be generated inside the lighting tube by electric discharge from the electrode to provide visible radiation. At least part of the surface(s) of that portion of the electrode proximal most to the ionisation region are overlaid by a cap made from a high heat resistive and non conductive material.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a lamp that radiates visible light and infrared light. According to the invention, the lamp bulb (4) of the lamp comprises at least a first region (6) which is at least partly permeable to infrared light and at least partly impermeable to visible light, and at least a second region (9) which is wholly or partly permeable at least to visible light.
Abstract:
A radiation source unit is provided that includes an anode and a cathode that are configured and arranged to create a discharge in a substance in a space between said anode and cathode and to form a plasma so as to generate electromagnetic radiation. The substance may comprise xenon, indium, lithium, tin or any suitable material. To improve conversion efficiency, the source unit may be constructed to have a low inductance, and operated with a minimum of plasma. To, for example, improve heat dissipation, a fluid circulation system can be created within the source volume and a wick by using a fluid in both its vapor and liquid states. To, for example, prevent contamination from entering a lithographic projection apparatus, the source unit can be constructed to minimize the production of contamination, and a trap can be employed to capture the contamination without interfering with the emitted radiation.
Abstract:
A gas discharge tube includes a plurality of light-emitting portions that are provided outside of the tube, at least two discharge electrodes, and an electron emission film formed on the entire inner wall of the tube for improving discharge characteristics.
Abstract:
A discharge lamp of the present invention, which has an starting property, an arc stability and a service life which are improved even if the lamp produces a short arc. The discharge lamp includes a light emitting bulb, sealing members disposed on both sides of the light emitting bulb, metal foils sealed in the sealing members, a pair of electrodes which are connected to the metal foils and have large-diameter portions formed on tips, coils disposed at the rear of the large-diameter portions of the electrodes, external conductors, and a discharge medium enclosed in the light emitting bulb.
Abstract:
A high pressure discharge lamp in which the cathode has a cylindrical body part and a conical part which is doped with thorium dioxide (ThO2), and with a diameter which decreases in a direction from the body part toward the tip area of the conical part by at least one light receiving surface area being formed between the body part and the tip area of the cone in a base part of the conical part. The light receiving area lies at an angle with respect to the center axis of the conical part and the body part, said angle which is measured from the side of the body part being greater than the angle of inclination which is formed between the outer periphery of the conical part in the tip area of the cone and the center axis.
Abstract:
A metal halide lamp (101) is described, the lamp being designed such that, when the lamp is operative in a vertical orientation, the location of the salt pool is close to the top of the discharge chamber (5). In an embodiment, the coldest spot is close to the top of the discharge chamber. Means are provided enabling more heat to be supplied to the bottom part than to the upper part. In a lamp assembly (10), comprising a lamp (101) arranged inside a bulb (11), additional heat generating means (90) may comprise a radiation coil (91).
Abstract:
A high pressure discharge lamp includes a luminous bulb in which a pair of electrodes are opposed to each other in the bulb. At least mercury and halogen are contained in the luminous bulb, and at least one metal selected from the group consisting of Pt, Ir, Rh, Ru and Re is present in the luminous bulb.
Abstract:
An electrodeless lighting system includes: a resonator installed at an outlet of a waveguide guiding microwave energy generated from a magnetron and defining a cavity allowing light to pass therethrough while resonating microwave therein; a bulb positioned in the resonator and enclosing a radiation material for emitting light by the microwave energy; and one or plural microwave concentrating units installed at the inner circumferential surface of the resonator and concentrating microwave energy discharged from the outlet of the waveguide to the bulb. By concentrating microwave to electrodeless plasma bulb positioned inside the resonator, a stability in an initial lighting and light efficiency can be enhanced.
Abstract:
A fluorescent lamp (1) includes a tubular glass bulb (2), an internal electrode (5) within the tubular glass bulb (2), a fluorescent layer (4) formed on an inner surface of the glass bulb (2), an external electrode (3) provided on an outer surface of the glass bulb (2), and a covering glass tube (6) is disposed over the total length of the internal electrode (5). The fluorescent lamp (1) further includes a fluorescent layer (7) disposed on the outer surface of the glass tube (6). The fluorescent lamp (1), as configured above, makes it unnecessary to form the internal electrode into a coil, and absorbs the difference in thermal expansion coefficients. This prevents the internal electrode (5) from resonating with vibrations from the outside and prevents contact of the fluorescent layer (4) by the internal electrode (5).