公开(公告)号：US06233052B1

公开(公告)日：2001-05-15

申请号：US09273195

申请日：1999-03-19

Applicant: Richard N. Zare ,  Charles C. Harb ,  Barbara A. Paldus ,  Thomas G. Spence

Inventor： Richard N. Zare ,  Charles C. Harb ,  Barbara A. Paldus ,  Thomas G. Spence

IPC: G01N2100

CPC classification number: G01N21/39

Abstract: An analog detection system for determining a ring-down rate or decay rate 1/&tgr; of an exponentially decaying ring-down beam issuing from a lifetime or ring-down cavity during a ring-down phase. Alternatively, the analog detection system determines a build-up rate of an exponentially growing beam issuing from the cavity during a ring-up phase. The analog system can be employed in continuous wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CW CRDS) and pulsed CRDS (P CRDS) arrangements utilizing any type of ring-down cavity including ring-cavities and linear cavities.

公开(公告)号：US5815277A

公开(公告)日：1998-09-29

申请号：US949242

申请日：1997-10-10

Applicant: Richard N. Zare ,  Juergen Martin ,  Barbara A. Paldus

Inventor： Richard N. Zare ,  Juergen Martin ,  Barbara A. Paldus

IPC: G01J3/10 ,  G01J3/42 ,  G01N21/39 ,  G01N21/17

CPC classification number: G01J3/10 ,  G01J3/42 ,  G01N21/39

Abstract: Light is coupled into a cavity ring down spectroscopy (CRDS) resonant cavity using an acousto-optic modulator. The AOM allows in-coupling efficiencies in excess of 40%, which is two to three orders of magnitude higher than in conventional systems using a cavity mirror for in-coupling. The AOM shutoff time is shorter than the roundtrip time of the cavity. The higher light intensities lead to a reduction in shot noise, and allow the use of relatively insensitive but fast-responding detectors such as photovoltaic detectors. Other deflection devices such as electro-optic modulators or elements used in conventional Q-switching may be used instead of the AOM. The method is particularly useful in the mid-infrared, far-infrared, and ultraviolet wavelength ranges, for which moderately reflecting input mirrors are not widely available.

Abstract translation: 使用声光调制器将光耦合到空腔环形光谱（CRDS）谐振腔中。 AOM允许超过40％的耦合效率，这比使用用于耦合的腔镜的常规系统高两到三个数量级。 AOM关闭时间比空腔的往返时间短。 较高的光强度导致散粒噪声的降低，并且允许使用相对不敏感但快速响应的检测器，例如光伏检测器。 可以使用诸如电光调制器或常规Q开关中使用的元件的其它偏转装置来代替AOM。 该方法在中红外线，远红外线和紫外线波长范围内特别有用，对于中等反射输入反射镜不能广泛使用。

公开(公告)号：US5503994A

公开(公告)日：1996-04-02

申请号：US134290

申请日：1993-10-08

Applicant: Jason B. Shear ,  Rajeev Dadoo ,  Harvey A. Fishman ,  Neil Shafer ,  Richard N. Zare

Inventor： Jason B. Shear ,  Rajeev Dadoo ,  Harvey A. Fishman ,  Neil Shafer ,  Richard N. Zare

IPC: G01N27/447 ,  G01N30/00 ,  G01N30/62 ,  G01N30/74 ,  G01N35/08 ,  G01N21/00 ,  C12Q1/68 ,  G01N21/64

CPC classification number: G01N27/44721 ,  G01N30/62 ,  G01N30/0005 ,  G01N30/74 ,  G01N35/085 ,  Y10T436/118339

Abstract: In many separation techniques, such as field flow fractionation, liquid chromatography and electro-phoresis, chemical species form bands that migrate at different velocities. If the data-digitization rate and excitation intensity are both set to be optimal for the fastest migrating band, to compensate for different band velocities, both the data-digitization rate and the excitation intensity are decreased as a function of time by a factor equal to the migration time of the fastest migrating band to the separation time.

Abstract translation: 在许多分离技术，如场流分馏，液相色谱和电泳法中，化学物质形成以不同速度迁移的条带。 如果数据数字化速率和激励强度都被设置为对于最快迁移频带是最佳的，为了补偿不同的频带速度，数据数字化速率和激励强度作为时间的函数被减少一个因子等于 最快迁移频段到分离时间的迁移时间。

公开(公告)号：USRE35102E

公开(公告)日：1995-11-28

申请号：US149024

申请日：1993-11-08

Applicant: Richard N. Zare ,  Xiaohua Huang ,  Raymond T. Huckaby

Inventor： Richard N. Zare ,  Xiaohua Huang ,  Raymond T. Huckaby

IPC: G01N27/447 ,  G01N27/26

CPC classification number: G01N27/4473

Abstract: A capillary tube has a structure in its wall that permits ions to flow but no substantial amount of electrolyte to move therethrough. The structure therefore permits electrical contact between the electrolyte inside the tube and the outside environment without diluting the electrolyte. The structure forms only a small part of the side wall so that the tube retains its structural integrity and can be used in electrophoresis without requiring structural support. In the preferred embodiment, the structure is formed by drilling a hole in the side wall, filling the hole with glass powder and fused silica and heating the mixture to form a frit structure to plug the hole. The frit structure permits ions to flow but substantially no electrolyte to move therethrough. Electrophoretic samples exiting from the end of the tube are not diluted and can be continuously collected, such as on top of a moving plate.

Abstract translation: 毛细管在其壁上具有允许离子流动但没有相当数量的电解质从其中移动的结构。 因此，该结构允许管内的电解质与外部环境之间的电接触，而不会稀释电解质。 该结构仅形成侧壁的一小部分，使得管保持其结构完整性并且可以用于电泳而不需要结构支撑。 在优选实施例中，通过在侧壁中钻孔，通过玻璃粉末和熔融二氧化硅填充孔，并加热混合物以形成玻璃料结构以堵塞孔而形成结构。 玻璃料结构允许离子流动但基本上没有电解质通过其移动。 从管末端出来的电泳样品不被稀释，可以连续收集，例如在移动板的顶部。

公开(公告)号：US5342492A

公开(公告)日：1994-08-30

申请号：US115466

申请日：1993-09-01

Applicant: Rajeev Dadoo ,  Richard N. Zare ,  Luis A. Colon

Inventor： Rajeev Dadoo ,  Richard N. Zare ,  Luis A. Colon

IPC: G01N27/447 ,  G01N27/26

CPC classification number: G01N27/4473 ,  G01N27/44773

Abstract: A voltage alternating between a high value and a low value is applied across a separation capillary in an electrophoretic system and electrochemical detection is performed only during time periods when a low voltage or no voltage is applied to the tube to improve the sensitivity of detection.

Abstract translation: 在电泳系统中跨越分离毛细管施加在高值和低值之间交替的电压，并且仅在对管施加低电压或无电压以提高检测灵敏度的时间段期间进行电化学检测。

公开(公告)号：US5298139A

公开(公告)日：1994-03-29

申请号：US771345

申请日：1991-10-04

Applicant: Xiaohua Huang ,  Richard N. Zare

Inventor： Xiaohua Huang ,  Richard N. Zare

IPC: G01N27/06 ,  G01N27/447 ,  G01N27/26

CPC classification number: G01N27/4473

Abstract: An end-column conductivity detector is described. A sensing electrode is placed in the outlet end of a capillary that has a hole in its side wall through which electrolyte moves past the sensing electrode into a reservoir that contains the ground electrode. This structure is simple to construct, has almost no dead volume, and minimizes electrolyte contact with adhesives used to mount the sensing electrode. The end-column conductivity detector is operated in conjunction with a commercial capillary zone electrophoresis system that has a capillary cartridge and a UV absorption detector. This design thus permits sequential measurement of the absorption and conductivity characteristics of separated analyte zones. When a species can be detected by both conductivity and UV absorption, then the absorption coefficient can be determined from the relation between the conductivity signal and the concentration of the species.

Abstract translation: 描述端柱电导率检测器。 感测电极放置在毛细管的出口端，毛细管在其侧壁上具有一个孔，电解质通过该孔通过感测电极移动到包含接地电极的储存器中。 该结构易于构造，几乎没有死体积，并且最小化与用于安装感测电极的粘合剂的电解质接触。 端柱电导率检测器与具有毛细管柱和UV吸收检测器的商业毛细管区带电泳系统结合操作。 因此，该设计允许连续测量分离的分析物区域的吸收和电导率特性。 当通过电导率和紫外吸收检测物种时，吸收系数可以根据电导率信号与物种浓度之间的关系来确定。

公开(公告)号：US5171989A

公开(公告)日：1992-12-15

申请号：US826924

申请日：1992-01-24

Applicant: Evan R. Williams ,  Glenn C. Jones ,  Richard N. Zare

Inventor： Evan R. Williams ,  Glenn C. Jones ,  Richard N. Zare

IPC: G01N30/00 ,  G01N30/72 ,  H01J49/16

CPC classification number: H01J49/0431 ,  H01J49/0404 ,  G01N2030/008 ,  G01N30/724

Abstract: A method and apparatus for continuously introducing samples for mass spectrometry analysis which comprises providing sample molecules in an aqueous solution containing one or more organic solvents, preferably ethylene glycol, introducing said aqueous solution into the vacuum chamber of an ion source to enable said solution to solidify into a thread of solid matrix, and exposing the solid matrix to a source of energy to desorb sample molecules to be analyzed. The desorbed molecules are then photoionized and focused into a mass spectral analysis zone. The technique is suitable for interfacing liquid chromatographic separation techniques.

Abstract translation: 一种用于连续引入用于质谱分析的样品的方法和装置，其包括在含有一种或多种有机溶剂，优选乙二醇的水溶液中提供样品分子，将所述水溶液引入离子源的真空室中，以使所述溶液固化 成为固体基质线，并将固体基质暴露于能量来解吸待分析的样品分子。 解吸后的分子然后被光电离并聚焦到质谱分析区。 该技术适用于液相色谱分离技术的接口。

公开(公告)号：US09801829B2

公开(公告)日：2017-10-31

申请号：US13457609

申请日：2012-04-27

Applicant: Peng Guo ,  Charles R. Marin ,  Yaping Zhao ,  Richard N. Zare

Inventor： Peng Guo ,  Charles R. Marin ,  Yaping Zhao ,  Richard N. Zare

IPC: B82Y40/00 ,  B82Y5/00 ,  B01J19/24 ,  A61K9/51 ,  C08L5/08 ,  A61K47/36 ,  A61K35/12 ,  A61K9/00 ,  A61K9/70

CPC classification number: A61K9/5161 ,  A61K9/70 ,  B01J19/2475 ,  B01J2219/00177 ,  B82Y5/00 ,  B82Y40/00 ,  C08L5/08

Abstract: In accordance with the purpose(s) of the present disclosure, as embodied and broadly described herein, embodiments of the present disclosure, in one aspect, relate to methods of making nanostructures (e.g., nanoparticles, nanofibers), systems for making nanostructures, and the like.

公开(公告)号：US08426842B2

公开(公告)日：2013-04-23

申请号：US12800058

申请日：2010-05-07

Applicant: Jeffrey A. Bowers ,  Roderick A. Hyde ,  Muriel Y. Ishikawa ,  Jordin T. Kare ,  Clarence T. Tegreene ,  Tatsushi Toyokuni ,  Richard N. Zare

Inventor： Jeffrey A. Bowers ,  Roderick A. Hyde ,  Muriel Y. Ishikawa ,  Jordin T. Kare ,  Clarence T. Tegreene ,  Tatsushi Toyokuni ,  Richard N. Zare

IPC: H01L29/06 ,  H01L21/20

CPC classification number: H01L21/22 ,  H01L29/16

Abstract: A graphene substrate is doped with one or more functional groups to form an electronic device.

公开(公告)号：US08285366B2

公开(公告)日：2012-10-09

申请号：US11973357

申请日：2007-10-04

Applicant: Roderick A. Hyde ,  Edward K. Y. Jung ,  Nathan P. Myhrvold ,  Clarence T. Tegreene ,  Willard H. Wattenburg ,  Lowell L. Wood, Jr. ,  Richard N. Zare

Inventor： Roderick A. Hyde ,  Edward K. Y. Jung ,  Nathan P. Myhrvold ,  Clarence T. Tegreene ,  Willard H. Wattenburg ,  Lowell L. Wood, Jr. ,  Richard N. Zare

IPC: A61B6/00

CPC classification number: A61B34/30 ,  A61B17/00491 ,  A61B18/14 ,  A61B18/20 ,  A61B34/72 ,  A61B2034/302 ,  A61B2090/378

Abstract: Devices, methods, and systems related to imaging and ablation are disclosed. Devices methods, and systems are disclosed herein that include a local bypass, one or more first energy sources configured to function in, or proximal to, a lumen of the local bypass and to provide energy configured to elicit one or more image responses associated with the local bypass lumen; one or more sensors configured to capture the one or more image responses, control circuitry coupled to the one or more sensors, one or more second energy source responsive to the control circuitry, and configured to provide ablation energy to a target area in the local bypass lumen during the expected transit time of the one or more targets through the target area.

Abstract translation: 公开了与成像和消融相关的装置，方法和系统。 本文公开的装置方法和系统包括局部旁路，被配置为在局部旁路的管腔中或邻近的功能的一个或多个第一能量源，并且提供被配置为引出与所述局部旁路相关联的一个或多个图像响应的能量 局部旁路管腔 配置成捕获一个或多个图像响应的一个或多个传感器，耦合到所述一个或多个传感器的控制电路，响应于所述控制电路的一个或多个第二能量源，并且被配置为向所述局部旁路中的目标区域提供消融能量 在一个或多个目标通过目标区域的预期通过时间内的流明。