Abstract:
[Problem] To provide a production method for a natural-extract beverage which is coffee extraction or the like using electrolytically reduced water, wherein the oxidation-reduction potential of the extract is negative.[Solution] A method for producing a natural-extract beverage by making coffee or tea with electrolytically reduced hot water containing dissolved hydrogen molecules, comprising making coffee or tea that an oxidation-reduction potential of the extract is made to be 0 mV or less by at least one means that suppresses volatilization of dissolved molecular hydrogen, wherein the at least one means are selected from the group consisting of: means of using electrolytically reduced water obtained by electrolysis of heated source water, means of performing the extraction under high pressure in a sealed container, and means of adding to the electrolytically reduced water at least one dissolved-hydrogen stabilizing agent selected from polysaccharides and/or polyphenols.
Abstract:
According to an aspect, a method of manufacturing a hydrogen-containing water generating electrode includes: covering a side portion of a positive electrode with a net-like insulator, the positive electrode being a tubular conductor, including openings in the side portion, having a removed portion in a circumferential direction, and including a slit; causing the positive electrode and the insulator to be passed through a slit of a negative electrode and mounting the negative electrode to an outside of the insulator, the negative electrode being a tubular conductor, including openings in a side portion, having a removed portion in a circumferential direction, and including the slit; closing the slit of the negative electrode; and mounting a restraining member to an outside of the negative electrode.
Abstract:
A water recovery system can treat water in a confined space. The wastewater treatment system includes a cation-exchange device in which water to be treated, such as wastewater originating in a space station, water discharged by the human body, water produced by condensing water vapor contained in the air, is directly introduced to a cation-exchange resin and thereby treated by cation exchange; a diamond-electrode electrolysis device in which organic substances, urea, and other nitrogen compounds contained in water discharged from the cation-exchange device are decomposed; a catalytic decomposition device in which the residual organic component is brought into contact with a catalyst to be decomposed; an electrodialysis device in which water discharged from the catalytic decomposition device is treated by electrodialysis to produce desalted water as well as an acid and an alkali; and a mineral adding device in which a mineral is added to the desalted water.
Abstract:
Methods for treating wastewater containing one or more heavy metals are disclosed. The methods can include providing a fuel cell, the fuel cell including: an anode having a catalyst; a cathode electrically coupled to the anode; and an ion-exchange membrane disposed between the anode and the cathode. The methods may also include contacting a fuel to the anode to oxidize the fuel and contacting the wastewater to the cathode to reduce at least a portion of the heavy metals in the wastewater. The methods for treating wastewater may advantageously provide an efficient means for treating the wastewater while producing electricity. Systems for treating wastewater are also disclosed.
Abstract:
A method of forming a metal-carbon composite, the method comprising subjecting a precursor composition to a curing step followed by a carbonization step, the precursor composition comprising: (i) a phenolic component, (ii) a crosslinkable aldehyde component, (iii) a polymerization catalyst, and (iv) metal-containing particles, wherein said carbonization step comprises heating the precursor composition at a carbonizing temperature of at least 300° C. for sufficient time to convert the precursor composition to said metal-carbon composite. The produced metal-carbon composite, devices incorporating them, and methods of their use (e.g., in capacitive deionization and lithium ion batteries) are also described.
Abstract:
An efficient method and system for the electrochemical treatment of waste water comprising organic and/or inorganic pollutants is disclosed. The system comprises at least first and second solid polymer electrolyte electrolytic cell stacks in which each cell comprises a solid polymer, proton exchange membrane electrolyte operating without catholyte or other supporting electrolyte. The first and second stacks differ either in construction or operating condition. The cell stack design and operating conditions chosen provide for significantly greater operating efficiency.
Abstract:
An energy storage system employing a reversible salination-desalination process includes an electrochemical desalination battery (EDB) unit including an anode and a cathode. The EDB unit runs a salination process while storing energy from a direct current power supply unit, and runs a desalination process while releasing energy to an electrical load. The energy storage system can store power from a variable output electrical power supply unit such as solar cells and wind turbines while running a salination process, and release energy, e.g., during peak energy demand hours while running a desalination process. Combined with a capacitive deionization (CD) unit, the energy storage system can generate fresh water by running desalination processes in the EDB unit and the CD unit while releasing stored energy from the EDB unit. The energy storage unit can function as a dual purpose device for energy storage and fresh water generation.
Abstract:
An electrochemical treating device having low scale potential is disclosed. The device has a variety of configurations directed to the layering of the anionic exchange and cationic exchange. The treatment device can also comprise unevenly sized ion exchange resin beads and/or have at least one compartment that provides a dominating resistance that results in a uniform current distribution throughout the apparatus.
Abstract:
An electrolyzing system for electrolyzing a brine solution of water and an alkali salt to produce acidic electrolyzed water and alkaline electrolyzed water is provided. The system includes an internal chamber for receiving the brine solution and two electrolyzer cells immersed in a brine bath. Each electrolyzer cell includes an electrode, at least one ion permeable membrane supported relative to the electrode to define a space communicating between a fresh water supply and a chemical outlet into which brine enters only through the membrane. One of the electrodes is coupled to a positive charging electrical supply and the other to a negative charging electrical supply.
Abstract:
Enhanced contaminant degradation systems via rapid transfer of electrons in an environment or matrix through bioelectrochemical electron transfer circuitry, electron transfer conduit and conductive materials. Specialized circuitry may be used with respect to the anode, cathode, and transmission line design including floating cathodes, anchored anodes, and the like.