公开(公告)号：US5344621A

公开(公告)日：1994-09-06

申请号：US963984

申请日：1992-10-20

Applicant: Franz Wosnitza ,  George Beckmann ,  Georg Zimmermann

Inventor： Franz Wosnitza ,  George Beckmann ,  Georg Zimmermann

IPC: B01J3/00 ,  B01J3/04 ,  A61L2/20 ,  A61L2/00

CPC classification number: B01J3/04 ,  B01J3/002

Abstract: An autoclave for treating charged materials (6) with vapor under pressure, with a substantially cylindrical inner chamber (2) surrounded by an autoclave casing (1) and with a heating device (8) responsive to a heated heat transfer medium to generate vapor in the inner chamber (2). In order to provide the heating in a way which is favorable structurally and in terms of energy, it is provided that the heating device (8) is arranged within one of the curved side regions of the autoclave casing (1), and consists of at least one flue (10) arranged substantially vertically in the autoclave and a heat exchanger (11) arranged in the lower inflow region of the flue (10) and through which flows a heat transfer medium, so that a convection flow results circulating substantially in the circumferential direction of the casing (1) of the autoclave.

Abstract translation: 一种用于在压力下用蒸气处理带电材料（6）的高压釜，具有由高压灭菌器壳体（1）包围的基本上圆柱形的内室（2）和响应于加热的传热介质的加热装置（8），以在 内室（2）。 为了在结构上和能量方面提供加热，条件是加热装置（8）设置在高压灭菌器壳体（1）的弯曲侧区域之一内，并且由 在高压灭菌器中基本上垂直布置的至少一个烟道（10）和布置在烟道（10）的下部流入区域中的热交换器（11），并且流过热传递介质，使得对流流动基本上在 高压釜的壳体（1）的圆周方向。

公开(公告)号：US5133792A

公开(公告)日：1992-07-28

申请号：US662469

申请日：1991-02-28

Applicant: Ankur Purohit ,  Ahnal A. Purohit

Inventor： Ankur Purohit ,  Ahnal A. Purohit

IPC: B01J3/04 ,  B01J19/02 ,  B08B7/00 ,  C01B31/06

CPC classification number: B01J19/02 ,  B01J19/0073 ,  B01J3/04 ,  B01J3/048 ,  B08B7/0071 ,  C01B31/065 ,  B01J2219/0204 ,  B01J2219/0236 ,  B01J2219/0281 ,  Y02P20/149 ,  Y10S220/917

Abstract: The invention teaches a deep boiling process for refining diamonds, be they raw or cut and polished. The process provides for initially precleaning the diamonds with solvents including alcohol, acetone, sulfuric acid, hydrogen peroxide, and/or water, to remove surface oils, hydrocarbons and other common surface impurities therefrom. The process then provides the use of separate sealed vessels wherein the diamonds are respectively submerged in strong caustic and acid solvents, and heated to between 220.degree. and 500.degree. C. with associated high vaporous pressures, for durations of possibly more than a day. The caustic solvent comprises potassium hydroxide and/or sodium hydroxide and possibly also potassium nitrate, and breaks down and removes the "glassy" structures and other complex oxides in the diamonds; while the acid solvent comprises Aqua Regia [hydrocholoric acid and nitric acid] and possibly also sulfuric acid, and removes metallic traces in the diamonds by forming water soluble chlorides and nitrates. The diamonds are rinses, between exposures to the caustic and acid solvents and after the last exposure to either, with solvents including water, acetone and/or alcohol.Vessels suited to preform this process are also disclosed.

Abstract translation: 本发明教导了一种用于精炼钻石的深煮方法，无论是原料还是切割和抛光。 该方法提供了首先用溶剂（包括醇，丙酮，硫酸，过氧化氢和/或水）预清洁金刚石，以从其中除去表面油，烃和其它常见的表面杂质。 然后，该方法提供使用分开的密封容器，其中金刚石分别浸没在强碱性和酸性溶剂中，并且在相关的高蒸气压下加热至220-500℃，持续时间可能超过一天。 苛性溶剂包括氢氧化钾和/或氢氧化钠，也可能是硝酸钾，并分解并去除钻石中的“玻璃状”结构和其他复合氧化物; 而酸性溶剂包括Aqua Regia [氢氯酸和硝酸]，也可能是硫酸，并通过形成水溶性氯化物和硝酸盐来除去金刚石中的金属痕迹。 钻石是在暴露于苛性碱和酸溶剂之间以及在最后暴露于任一种之后，用溶剂包括水，丙酮和/或醇进行冲洗。 还公开了适合预成型工艺的容器。

公开(公告)号：US4921918A

公开(公告)日：1990-05-01

申请号：US104480

申请日：1987-10-05

Applicant: Yves Pommier ,  Yves Legrand

Inventor： Yves Pommier ,  Yves Legrand

IPC: B01F7/00 ,  B01F7/16 ,  B01F15/00 ,  B01J3/04 ,  B01J19/18 ,  B01J19/20 ,  C08F2/00 ,  C08F2/02 ,  C08F14/00 ,  C08F14/06

CPC classification number: B01F7/00275 ,  B01F7/1665 ,  B01J19/18 ,  B01J19/20 ,  B01J3/04 ,  B01F7/00208 ,  B01F7/00266 ,  B01F7/00416 ,  B01J2219/00094 ,  B01J2219/185

Abstract: A vertical autoclave for carrying out operations involving a medium having a liquid phase and/or a solid phase, comprising:(a) a concave autoclave bottom;(b) a shaft along a vertical axis of said autoclave, said shaft passing through said bottom of said autoclave; and(c) stirrer means for driving said medium with a centripetal motion about said concave autoclave bottom.

公开(公告)号：US4753787A

公开(公告)日：1988-06-28

申请号：US887753

申请日：1986-07-18

Applicant: Pieter Krijgsman

Inventor： Pieter Krijgsman

IPC: C01F11/04 ,  B01J3/02 ,  B01J3/04 ,  B01J19/18 ,  C01B20060101 ,  C01B13/18 ,  C01B13/36 ,  C01B33/24 ,  C01F20060101 ,  C01F11/00 ,  C01G23/00 ,  C01G25/00

CPC classification number: C01B13/185 ,  B01J19/1862 ,  B01J3/02 ,  B01J3/04 ,  C01B13/366 ,  C01F11/00 ,  C01F7/162 ,  C01G23/006 ,  C01G25/00 ,  B01J2219/00065 ,  B01J2219/0009 ,  B01J2219/00103 ,  B01J2219/00779 ,  B01J2219/185 ,  B01J2219/1943 ,  C01P2002/32 ,  C01P2002/34 ,  C01P2002/54 ,  Y10S502/524 ,  Y10T137/0396 ,  Y10T137/313 ,  Y10T137/86187

Abstract: A reaction product is formed by a process which involves the transfer of the reaction product from an autoclave to a receiving vessel at a substantially constant flow rate. Just prior to this transfer, the pressure in the receiving vessel is brought up to the pressure in the autoclave by passing gas from the autoclave to the receiving vessel. The flow of gas from the autoclave to the receiving vessel is then stopped, and the pressure in the receiving vessel is allowed to drop due to transfer of heat from the gas to the walls of the receiving vessel. The resulting pressure difference between the autoclave and the receiving vessel is used to initiate the transfer of the reaction products from the autoclave to the receiving vessel. A pressure release valve on the receiving vessel is then controlled by means a signal derived from a flow meter which measures the flow rate of the reaction products flowing from the autoclave to the receiving vessel to maintain constant this flow rate.

Abstract translation: 反应产物通过一种方法形成，该方法涉及将反应产物从高压釜以基本恒定的流速转移到接收容器。 在该转移之前，通过将气体从高压釜通入接收容器，使接收容器中的压力升高到高压釜中的压力。 然后停止从高压釜到接收容器的气体流，并且由于热量从气体传递到接收容器的壁，允许接收容器中的压力下降。 高压釜和接收容器之间产生的压力差用于引发反应产物从高压釜向接收容器的转移。 然后通过来自流量计的信号来控制接收容器上的压力释放阀，该流量计测量从高压釜流向接收容器的反应产物的流量，以保持该流量的恒定。

公开(公告)号：US4509179A

公开(公告)日：1985-04-02

申请号：US536313

申请日：1983-09-27

Applicant: Franz X. Zimmerman

Inventor： Franz X. Zimmerman

IPC: B01J3/00 ,  B01J3/04 ,  B22F3/15 ,  F27B5/04 ,  F27B1/26

CPC classification number: B01J3/006 ,  B01J3/04 ,  B22F3/15 ,  F27B5/04

Abstract: An apparatus for heating a workpiece at elevated temperatures both under vacuum and under superatmospheric pressures comprises a vacuum pressure vessel comprising a cylindrical pressure shell having an inner cylindrical sealing face near the upper edge thereof and a cover at one axial end and a bottom plug at the other axial end. Both are arranged to be placed within a reaction frame bearing thereupon. A furnace within the shell has an insulating hood for protecting the shell from the heated workspace. A vacuum manifold is mounted to the top edge of the cylindrical shell and is sealed thereto. The manifold has a cylindrical interior through which the cover passes and an inner cylindrical sealing face at the upper end thereof. Mechanically powered means are provided for raising and lowering the cover and placing it in a first or a second position. Means associated with the cover provide an interior vacuum seal between the cover and the inner cylindrical sealing face on the manifold when the cover is in the first position, and form an interior pressure seal with the inner cylindrical sealing face on the cylindrical shell when the cover is in the second position. A port in the manifold is exposed to the interior of the vessel when the cover is in the first position. The port has a cross sectional area of at least eight square inches.

Abstract translation: 一种用于在真空和超大气压下在升高的温度下加热工件的装置包括真空压力容器，该真空压力容器包括圆柱形压力壳体，该圆柱形压力容器具有在其上边缘附近的内圆柱形密封面和在一个轴向端部处的盖子， 其他轴端。 两者被布置成放置在其上承载的反应框架内。 外壳内的炉子具有用于保护外壳免受加热工作空间的绝缘罩。 真空歧管安装在圆筒形壳体的顶部边缘上并被密封在其上。 歧管具有圆柱形内部，盖通过该圆柱形内部，在其上端具有内圆柱形密封面。 提供机械动力装置用于升高和降低盖子并将其放置在第一或第二位置。 与盖相关联的装置在盖处于第一位置时在盖和内圆柱形密封面之间提供内部真空密封，当盖处于第一位置时，当盖子上的内圆柱形密封面形成内部压力密封时 处于第二位。 当盖处于第一位置时，歧管中的端口暴露于容器的内部。 该端口具有至少八平方英寸的横截面积。

公开(公告)号：US4478126A

公开(公告)日：1984-10-23

申请号：US423339

申请日：1982-09-24

Applicant: Dan Holmlund ,  Johnny Ohlson

Inventor： Dan Holmlund ,  Johnny Ohlson

IPC: B01J3/04 ,  B01J19/00 ,  F42B33/02

CPC classification number: B01J3/04 ,  B01J19/002 ,  B01J2219/00263 ,  Y10S220/09 ,  Y10S220/24

Abstract: A chamber intended for containing the effects arising from explosions, deflagrations, or detonations initiated intentionally or unintentionally inside the chamber. The chamber comprises an essentially cylindrical mantle (1) with associated sealing end pieces. Each end piece comprises an essentially flat part (2, 3) which preferably on its outside is reinforced with reinforcement members (13, 14) placed at right angles to each other. The reinforcement members are welded to each end piece and to the inner surface of the mantle, and they extend from the relevant side of each end piece in the longitudinal direction of the cylinder.

Abstract translation: 旨在容纳在室内有意或无意地发生的爆炸，爆燃或爆炸引起的影响的舱室。 该室包括具有相关联的密封端部件的基本上圆柱形的外壳（1）。 每个端件包括基本上平坦的部分（2,3），其优选地在其外侧上由与彼此成直角放置的加强构件（13,14）加强。 加强构件焊接到每个端部件和地幔的内表面，并且它们在每个端部件的相对于缸体的纵向方向上延伸。

公开(公告)号：US4447402A

公开(公告)日：1984-05-08

申请号：US382598

申请日：1982-05-27

Applicant: G. Robert Cox

Inventor： G. Robert Cox

IPC: B01J3/04 ,  F26B3/28 ,  F26B7/00

CPC classification number: B01J3/04 ,  F26B3/28 ,  F26B7/00 ,  B01J2219/00135 ,  B01J2219/00155 ,  B01J2219/00777 ,  B01J2219/182 ,  B01J2219/1943

Abstract: The disclosed invention pertains to an autoclave apparatus for receiving parts to be bonded or cured which includes a removable cover on the end of a pressure vessel having radiant heat means that directs heat directly onto the surface of a product to effect a bonding or curing temperature without substantially heating the pressure vessel and its parts.

Abstract translation: 所公开的发明涉及一种用于接收待粘合或固化的部件的高压灭菌装置，其包括在具有辐射热装置的端部上的可移除盖，其将辐射热直接引导到产品的表面上以实现粘合或固化温度而没有 基本上加热压力容器及其部件。

公开(公告)号：US4272994A

公开(公告)日：1981-06-16

申请号：US44810

申请日：1979-06-01

Applicant: Edwin E. Reed

Inventor： Edwin E. Reed

IPC: B01J3/04 ,  E21B49/00 ,  G01N3/10

CPC classification number: B01J3/04 ,  E21B49/005

Abstract: A method and apparatus for maintaining a constant elevated liquid pressure in a small vessel by pressuring with liquid the small vessel and a larger vessel in open communication therewith. The larger vessel, preferably, has a volume of about 20 to about 100 times the volume of the smaller vessel. In one embodiment the mechanical pressuring is reapplied to maintain a constant pressure in the vessels. In another embodiment, the temperature of the liquid in the larger vessel is manipulated to maintain pressure in the vessels.

Abstract translation: 一种用于通过用液体加压小容器和与其开放连通的较大容器来保持小容器中恒定升高的液体压力的方法和装置。 较大的容器优选地具有体积比较小容器体积的约20至约100倍。 在一个实施例中，重新施加机械加压以在容器中保持恒定的压力。 在另一个实施例中，操纵较大容器中的液体的温度以维持容器中的压力。

公开(公告)号：US4247755A

公开(公告)日：1981-01-27

申请号：US869828

申请日：1978-01-16

Applicant: Charles W. Smith, Jr. ,  William H. Walker ,  Franz X. Zimmerman

Inventor： Charles W. Smith, Jr. ,  William H. Walker ,  Franz X. Zimmerman

IPC: B01J3/04 ,  B22F3/15 ,  H05B3/62 ,  H05B3/00

CPC classification number: B30B11/002 ,  B01J3/04 ,  B22F3/15 ,  H05B3/62

Abstract: An apparatus for treating a workpiece at elevated temperatures and pressures comprising an elongate cylindrical pressure vessel. Within the pressure vessel a hearth sits upon a pedestal. Heating elements are circumferentially spaced about the hearth. A heat insulating hood separates the workpiece from the pressure vessel. A cylindrical reflecting shield separates the heating element from the insulating hood.

Abstract translation: 一种用于在升高的温度和压力下处理工件的装置，包括细长的圆柱形压力容器。 在压力容器内，炉膛位于基座上。 加热元件围绕炉床周向隔开。 隔热罩将工件与压力容器分开。 圆柱形反射罩将加热元件与绝缘罩分开。

公开(公告)号：US4223496A

公开(公告)日：1980-09-23

申请号：US897849

申请日：1978-04-19

Applicant: Paul Mitterbacher ,  Schoning, Josef ,  Hans G. Schwiers

Inventor： Paul Mitterbacher ,  Schoning, Josef ,  Hans G. Schwiers

IPC: F16J12/00 ,  B01J3/04 ,  G21C13/00 ,  G21C13/08 ,  G21C13/093

CPC classification number: G21C13/0933 ,  B01J3/04 ,  B01J3/048 ,  G21C13/08 ,  Y02E30/40

Abstract: A pressure vessel susceptible to high temperatures, especially for containment of a nuclear-reactor core, is constituted of a cylindrical shell from a cast material such as cast steel, cast iron or concrete, and is prestressed by vertical cables which extend parallel to generatrices of the shell. Peripheral (circumferential) prestressing cables are provided around the shell which can be externally insulated. The peripheral tensioning cables are exposed externally of the insulation material and bear upon the shell of the vessel with heat-resistant elements of high compressive strength which extend through the external insulation.

Abstract translation: 容易受高温影响的压力容器，特别是用于容纳核反应堆核心的压力容器由铸钢，铸铁或混凝土等铸造材料制成的圆柱形壳体构成，并且由垂直电缆预应力， 贝壳。 外围（周向）预应力电缆围绕外壳设置，外部绝缘。 外围张紧电缆暴露在绝缘材料的外部，并承载在具有高抗压强度的耐热元件的容器壳体上，该耐热元件延伸穿过外部绝缘体。