公开(公告)号：US20140121346A1

公开(公告)日：2014-05-01

申请号：US14052444

申请日：2013-10-11

Applicant: PHYSICAL SHOCKWAVE INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS, LLC

Inventor： Robert E. Tang

IPC: B01J19/10 ,  C07D301/22 ,  C08F114/06 ,  C07C29/159 ,  C07C1/04 ,  C07C29/152 ,  C07D301/04

CPC classification number: B01J19/10 ,  B01F5/0256 ,  B01F13/1016 ,  B01J3/08 ,  B01J4/002 ,  C07C1/0495 ,  C07C1/12 ,  C07C17/26 ,  C07C29/152 ,  C07C29/159 ,  C07C29/32 ,  C07C29/34 ,  C07D301/04 ,  C07D301/10 ,  C07D301/22 ,  C08F114/06 ,  Y02P30/42 ,  C07C31/04 ,  C07C31/08 ,  C07C19/045 ,  C07C11/04 ,  C07C9/06

Abstract: A novel process and apparatus is disclosed for performing chemical reactions. Highly compressed gaseous streams such as H2, CO, CO2, H2O, O2, or CH4 are raised to Mach speeds to form supersonic jets incorporating shockwaves. Two or more such jets are physically collided together to form a localized reaction zone where the energy from the shockwaves causes endothermic reactions wherein the chemical bonds of the reactant gases are broken. Between and among reactants molecular surface interaction and molecular surface chemistry take place. In the ensuing exothermic reactions a desired new chemical product is formed and this product is locked into a lower state of enthalpy (state of energy of formation) through adiabatic cooling by means of a free jet expansion.

Abstract translation: 公开了用于进行化学反应的新颖方法和装置。 将高度压缩的气态物流如H 2，CO，CO 2，H 2 O，O 2或CH 4升高到马赫速度以形成包含冲击波的超音速喷射。 两个或更多个这样的射流物理地碰撞在一起以形成局部反应区，其中来自冲击波的能量引起吸热反应，其中反应气体的化学键被破坏。 在反应物之间，发生分子表面相互作用和分子表面化学。 在随后的放热反应中，形成了期望的新化学产物，并且通过自由喷射膨胀将绝热冷却，将该产物锁定在较低的焓状态（形成能量状态）。

公开(公告)号：US20140058142A1

公开(公告)日：2014-02-27

申请号：US13915143

申请日：2013-06-11

Applicant: UOP LLC

Inventor： Jeffery C. Bricker ,  John Q. Chen ,  Peter K. Coughlin

IPC: B01J19/10 ,  C07C17/25

CPC classification number: B01J19/10 ,  B01J3/08 ,  B01J19/26 ,  B01J2219/00006 ,  B01J2219/0004 ,  B01J2219/00123 ,  C07C2/78 ,  C07C2/82 ,  C07C5/09 ,  C07C17/156 ,  C07C17/25 ,  Y02P30/44 ,  C07C19/045 ,  C07C21/06 ,  C07C11/24 ,  C07C11/04

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. The method includes processing the acetylene to form a hydrocarbon stream having vinyl chloride. The hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream is be treated to convert acetylene to other hydrocarbon processes. The method according to certain aspects includes controlling the level of carbon monoxide in the hydrocarbon stream to limit downstream side reactions in the downstream processing units.

Abstract translation: 提供了将进料流中的甲烷转化为乙炔的方法和系统。 该方法包括加工乙炔以形成具有氯乙烯的烃流。 将烃流引入超音速反应器中并热解以将至少一部分甲烷转化为乙炔。 处理反应器流出物流以将乙炔转化成其它烃过程。 根据某些方面的方法包括控制烃流中的一氧化碳的水平以限制下游处理单元中的下游侧反应。

公开(公告)号：US20130341245A1

公开(公告)日：2013-12-26

申请号：US13532453

申请日：2012-06-25

Applicant: Jose Armando Salazar-Guillen ,  Mahendra Joshi ,  Dominic J. Zelnik

Inventor： Jose Armando Salazar-Guillen ,  Mahendra Joshi ,  Dominic J. Zelnik

IPC: C10G47/02 ,  B01D29/00 ,  B01J8/00 ,  B01J8/18 ,  B01D43/00

CPC classification number: C10G9/18 ,  B01J3/08 ,  B01J4/002 ,  B01J19/26 ,  B01J2219/00006 ,  B01J2219/00105 ,  C10G47/26 ,  C10G2300/1033 ,  C10G2300/107 ,  C10G2300/1077

Abstract: A hydrocarbon upgrading method is described. The method can generally include a step of providing a nozzle reactor, a step of injecting hydrocarbon residuum into the feed passage of the nozzle reactor, and a step of injecting a cracking material into the main passage of the nozzle reactor, and a step of collecting a product stream exiting the exit opening of the main passage of the nozzle reactor. The hydrocarbon residuum used in the method can be obtained from a hydroconversion-type upgrader, such as an ebullating bed hydrocracker.

Abstract translation: 描述了一种烃升级方法。 该方法通常可以包括提供喷嘴反应器的步骤，将烃残渣注入喷嘴反应器的进料通道的步骤，以及将裂化材料注入喷嘴反应器的主通道的步骤，以及收集步骤 离开喷嘴反应器的主通道的出口的产物流。 该方法中使用的烃残余物可以从加氢转化型改质剂如沸腾床加氢裂化器获得。

公开(公告)号：US08557215B2

公开(公告)日：2013-10-15

申请号：US12994430

申请日：2009-05-26

Applicant: João Manuel Calado Da Silva ,  Elsa Marisa Dos Santos Antunes

Inventor： João Manuel Calado Da Silva ,  Elsa Marisa Dos Santos Antunes

IPC: C01B13/00

CPC classification number: C04B35/6267 ,  B01J3/08 ,  B82Y30/00 ,  C01B13/185 ,  C01B21/0724 ,  C01F7/162 ,  C01G49/08 ,  C01P2002/32 ,  C01P2002/60 ,  C01P2004/64 ,  C01P2006/10 ,  C01P2006/12 ,  C01P2006/60 ,  C04B35/04 ,  C04B35/105 ,  C04B35/119 ,  C04B35/26 ,  C04B35/265 ,  C04B35/443 ,  C04B35/45 ,  C04B35/581 ,  C04B35/62625 ,  C04B2235/3213 ,  C04B2235/3227 ,  C04B2235/3241 ,  C04B2235/401 ,  C04B2235/402 ,  C04B2235/443 ,  C04B2235/5409 ,  C04B2235/5454 ,  C04B2235/83

Abstract: The disclosed subject concerns nanometric-sized ceramic materials in the form of multiple crystalline structures, composites, or solid solutions, the process for their synthesis, and uses thereof. These materials are mainly obtained by detonation of two water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions, one of which is prepared with precursors in order to present a detonation regime with temperature lower than 2000° C., and they present a high chemical and crystalline phase homogeneity, individually for each particle, as well as a set of complementary properties adjustable according to the final applications, such as a homogeneous distribution of the primary particles, very high chemical purity level, crystallite size below 50 nm, surface areas by mass unit between 25 and 500 m2/g, and true particle densities higher than 98% of the theoretical density. This set of characteristics makes this materials particularly suitable for a vast range of applications in the nanotechnology field, such as, for example, nanocoatings, magnetic nanofluids, nanocatalysts, nanosensors, nanopigments, nanoadditives, ultra light nanocomposites, drug release nanoparticles, nanomarkers, nanometric films, etc.

Abstract translation: 所公开的主题涉及多晶形结构，复合材料或固溶体形式的纳米尺寸陶瓷材料，其合成方法及其用途。 这些材料主要通过引爆两种油包水（W / O）乳液获得，其中一种乳液是用前体制备的，以提供温度低于2000℃的爆轰方式，并且它们呈现出高度的化学 和每个颗粒的晶相均匀性，以及根据最终应用可调整的一组互补性质，例如初级颗粒的均匀分布，非常高的化学纯度水平，低于50nm的微晶尺寸，表面积由 质量单位为25-500m2 / g，真实颗粒密度高于理论密度的98％。 这种特性使得该材料特别适用于纳米技术领域的广泛应用，例如纳米涂层，磁性纳米流体，纳米催化剂，纳米传感器，纳米颗粒，纳米添加剂，超轻纳米复合材料，药物释放纳米颗粒，纳米标记物，纳米尺度 电影等

公开(公告)号：US08172163B2

公开(公告)日：2012-05-08

申请号：US12659808

申请日：2010-03-22

Applicant: Soliman Mahmoud Soliman Abdalla ,  Fahad M. M. Al-Marzouki ,  Ali Mohamed Abdel-Daiem

Inventor： Soliman Mahmoud Soliman Abdalla ,  Fahad M. M. Al-Marzouki ,  Ali Mohamed Abdel-Daiem

IPC: B02C19/00

CPC classification number: B01J3/08 ,  B01J19/10

Abstract: This system and method for producing nanomaterials allows for the production of relatively high concentrations of nanoparticles with a minimum of expense, time and energy. Ultrasonic waves, produced at a power of approximately 50 W with a frequency of 26.23 kHz, are projected on a material sample while, simultaneously, a fluid stream jet is projected on the material sample. The ultrasonic waves, in the presence of the fluid jet, create cavities that explode at the surface of the solid material, leading to creation of cracks in the material surface. With the increase in the number of cracks in the material, the solid material erodes. The eroded material, which is on the nanometer scale, is collected on a suitable substrate, such as silicon. This method allows for the preparation of nanoparticles from any solid material, in particular very hard materials, such as diamond, silicon carbide and the like.

Abstract translation: 用于生产纳米材料的该系统和方法允许以最小的费用，时间和能量生产相对高浓度的纳米颗粒。 以大约50瓦的功率产生的频率为26.23kHz的超声波被投射在材料样品上，同时流体流射流投射在材料样品上。 在存在流体射流的情况下，超声波产生在固体材料的表面上爆炸的空腔，导致材料表面产生裂纹。 随着材料中裂纹数量的增加，固体材料的腐蚀程度降低。 在纳米尺度上的被侵蚀的材料被收集在合适的衬底如硅上。 该方法允许从任何固体材料制备纳米颗粒，特别是非常硬的材料，例如金刚石，碳化硅等。

公开(公告)号：US20100278712A1

公开(公告)日：2010-11-04

申请号：US12809917

申请日：2008-12-22

Applicant: Daren Normand Swanson

Inventor： Daren Normand Swanson

IPC: C01B31/06 ,  C06B27/00 ,  E21C41/00 ,  E21C37/00

CPC classification number: C06B43/00 ,  B01J3/062 ,  B01J3/08 ,  B01J2203/0625 ,  B01J2203/0655 ,  B01J2203/0675 ,  B82Y30/00 ,  C01B32/25 ,  C01P2004/64 ,  C06B33/00

Abstract: The present invention provides a method and formulation for the creation of a diamond-carbon bearing material of varying particle sizes. The material is a detonation by-product of explosive formulations that employ carbon dioxide as the oxidizing agent and a material, such as powdered magnesium, as the fuel for such detonation.

Abstract translation: 本发明提供了用于产生具有不同粒径的金刚石 - 碳轴承材料的方法和配方。 该材料是使用二氧化碳作为氧化剂的爆炸性制剂的爆炸副产物和诸如粉末状镁的材料作为用于这种爆炸的燃料。

公开(公告)号：US20080317659A1

公开(公告)日：2008-12-25

申请号：US12087279

申请日：2005-12-30

Applicant: Valery Yurievich Dolmatov

Inventor： Valery Yurievich Dolmatov

IPC: C01B31/06 ,  B22F3/08

CPC classification number: B01J3/08 ,  C01B32/05

Abstract: The invention relates to carbon chemistry and is embodied in the form of a diamond-carbon material, in which carbon is contained in the form a diamond cubic modification and in a roentgen-amorphous phase at a ratio of (40-80):(60-20) in terms of a carbon mass, respectively, wherein the inventive material comprises 89.1-95.2 mass % carbon, 1.2-5.0 mass % nitrogen, 0.1-4.7 mass % oxygen and 0.1-1.5 mass % fire-resisting impurities. The inventive method for producing said material consisting in detonating, in a closed space of a carbon-inert gas medium, a carbon-containing oxygen-deficient explosive material, which is placed in a condensed phase envelop containing a reducing agent at a quantitative ratio between said reducing agent mass in the condensed phase and the mass of the used carbon-containing explosive material equal to or greater than 0.01:1. A method for processing the samples of diamond-carbon material produced by means of a detonation synthesis for examining the elemental composition thereof is also disclosed.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及碳化学，并且以金刚石碳材料的形式实施，其中碳以菱形立方体形式包含，并且在（40-80）：60（60-80）的比率的罗恩 - 非晶相中 -20），其中本发明的材料包含89.1-95.2质量％的碳，1.2-5.0质量％的氮，0.1-4.7质量％的氧和0.1-1.5质量％的耐火杂质。 用于生产所述材料的本发明方法包括在碳惰性气体介质的封闭空间内引发含碳缺氧的炸药，其以含有还原剂的冷凝相包裹物的量定为比例 所述冷凝相中的还原剂物质和所使用的含碳爆炸物质的质量等于或大于0.01:1。 还公开了一种用于处理通过用于检查其元素组成的爆炸合成产生的金刚石碳材料的样品的方法。

公开(公告)号：US20080003458A2

公开(公告)日：2008-01-03

申请号：US10549848

申请日：2006-05-22

Applicant: Atsushi IWATA ,  Jun AKEDO

Inventor： Atsushi IWATA ,  Jun AKEDO

IPC: B32B9/00 ,  B32B19/00 ,  C23C16/00

CPC classification number: C04B35/581 ,  B01J3/08 ,  C04B2235/762 ,  C04B2235/767 ,  C23C24/04 ,  C30B29/40 ,  C30B29/403 ,  C30B33/00

Abstract: An aerosol of a powder composed of helium carrier gas and particles of a hexagonal aluminum nitride is charged through a transfer pipe 3 into a film deposition chamber 4 whose interior is depressurized by gas evacuation using a vacuum pump 5 to maintain a degree of vacuum of 200-8000 Pa during supply of the carrier gas and the aerosol is blown from a nozzle 6 provided on the end of the transfer pipe 3 inside the film deposition chamber 4 to impinge on a substrate fastened to a substrate holder 7 to make the impact force of the particles at collision with the substrate 4 GPa or greater, thereby transforming the crystal structure of the aluminum nitride from hexagonal to cubic to deposit cubic aluminum nitride on the substrate. As a result, a method of transforming the crystal structure of a Group XIII nitride is provided that enables transformation of a Group XIII nitride to cubic crystal structure using a system of simpler configuration than that used for transforming the crystal structure of a Group XIII nitride by a static pressure application process.

Abstract translation: 由氦载体和六方氮化铝颗粒组成的粉末的气溶胶通过传输管3装入成膜室4中，该沉积室4的内部使用真空泵5通过气体排出而减压，以保持真空度为200 -8000Pa，并且从设置在成膜室4内的输送管3的端部的喷嘴6喷射气溶胶以撞击固定到基板保持件7的基板上，以使冲击力 与基板发生碰撞的颗粒为GPa以上，从而将氮化铝的晶体结构从六方晶系转变成立方晶片，以在基板上沉积立方氮化铝。 结果，提供了转变第XIII族氮化物的晶体结构的方法，其使得能够使用比用于将第ⅩⅢ族氮化物的晶体结构变换用于将第ⅩⅢ族氮化物的晶体结构变换为 静压施加过程。

公开(公告)号：US07033569B2

公开(公告)日：2006-04-25

申请号：US10373333

申请日：2003-02-24

Applicant: Michael J. Stickney ,  Edward M. Jones, Jr. ,  Sudhir Kumar, legal representative

Inventor： Mallasetty Sundacopa Chandrasekharaiah, deceased

IPC: C01B3/24

CPC classification number: B01J3/042 ,  B01J3/08 ,  B01J12/007 ,  B01J19/0053 ,  B01J19/12 ,  B01J2208/00716 ,  C01B3/36 ,  C01B2203/00 ,  C01B2203/0255 ,  C01B2203/049 ,  C01B2203/0495 ,  C01B2203/0805 ,  C01B2203/0811 ,  C01B2203/0877 ,  C01B2203/1241 ,  C01B2203/1276 ,  C01B2203/1282 ,  C01B2203/1604 ,  C01B2203/1628 ,  C01B2203/1676 ,  C01B2203/169

Abstract: A process is provided for conversion of a feedstock, in particular a hydrocarbon feedstock such as methane or natural gas, in which a reactive mixture containing the feedstock is prepared and fed to a reaction zone. A reaction is initiated in the reactive mixture within the reaction zone so as to generate a conversion wave of increased temperature and pressure. The conversion wave is allowed to pass through the reaction zone, from where converted feedstock is recovered. An apparatus for carrying out the process is also provided. The process operates with a high conversion and selectivity to desirable products and is particularly suitable for the conversion of methane to carbon monoxide and hydrogen.

Abstract translation: 提供了用于转化原料，特别是烃原料如甲烷或天然气的方法，其中制备含有原料的反应混合物并将其进料至反应区。 在反应区内的反应混合物中开始反应，以产生升高的温度和压力的转化波。 允许转化波通过反应区，从其中回收转化的原料。 还提供了一种用于执行该过程的装置。 该方法以对所需产物的高转化率和选择性操作，并且特别适用于将甲烷转化为一氧化碳和氢气。

公开(公告)号：US20040256441A1

公开(公告)日：2004-12-23

申请号：US10495272

申请日：2004-05-10

Inventor： Bernard Serole ,  Michelle Serole

IPC: B23K031/02

CPC classification number: B01J3/08 ,  B22F3/087 ,  B22F2999/00 ,  B22F7/08 ,  B22F3/1216

Abstract: A composite structure comprises several layers of various materials which are to be united by welding and simultaneously consolidated. The method resides in that the densities and moduli of elasticity of the various layers are adapted by composition, shape, state and temperature in such a way that the velocity of sound is considerably modified upon penetration of the composite structure. A shock wave is applied to one or both sides. This shock wave breaks down into harmonic vibrations that can sum up, concentration of energy resulting on the respective interfaces, ensuring the union within and between the layers.

Abstract translation: 复合结构包括几层通过焊接并同时固结的各种材料。 该方法的特征在于，各种层的密度和弹性模量通过组合物，形状，状态和温度进行调节，使得在复合结构的穿透时，声速被显着改变。 冲击波应用于一侧或两侧。 这种冲击波分解成谐波振动，可以总结出各个界面产生的能量集中，确保层内和之间的联合。