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    Method for refining vegetable oils and additive therefore, and their use as substitute of diesel fuel
    52.
    发明授权
    Method for refining vegetable oils and additive therefore, and their use as substitute of diesel fuel 有权
    因此，提炼植物油和添加剂的方法，以及它们作为柴油替代品的用途

    公开(公告)号：US08333811B2

    公开(公告)日：2012-12-18

    申请号：US12309582

    申请日：2007-07-18

    Applicant: Efstratios Hatziemmanouil

    Inventor： Efstratios Hatziemmanouil

    IPC: C10L1/00 ,  C11B3/02

    CPC classification number: C11B3/001 ,  C10G53/12 ,  C10G2300/1014 ,  C10G2300/201 ,  C10G2300/80 ,  C10L1/026 ,  C10L1/14 ,  C10L1/1608 ,  C10L1/1824 ,  C10L1/1852 ,  C10L1/1857 ,  C10L10/14 ,  C11B3/008 ,  C11B3/06 ,  Y02E50/13 ,  Y02P30/20

    Abstract: This invention relates to a method for refining vegetable oils, in particular cottonseed oil or a possible mixture of it with others, as substitute of diesel fuel remarkable in that a sequence of treatment steps to be performed on crude vegetable oil, including: a) a pre-treatment thereof consisting of the removal of oil insoluble impurities from the crude oil, b) removal of oil soluble impurities therefrom, c) a free acid neutralization thereof, and d) a drying, bleaching and filtration thereof. This invention also relates to an Additive of organic basis, containing ether, ketone, toluene, hexane, turpentine, alcohols in specific concentrations.

    Abstract translation: 本发明涉及一种用于精炼植物油，特别是棉籽油或其与其他混合物的可能混合物的方法，作为柴油燃料的替代物，其特征在于对粗植物油进行一系列处理步骤，包括：a） 包括从原油中除去不溶于油的杂质的预处理，b）从其中除去油溶性杂质，c）其游离酸中和，以及d）干燥，漂白和过滤。 本发明还涉及含有醚，酮，甲苯，己烷，松节油，特定浓度的醇的有机基础添加剂。

    Method of removing arsenic from hydrocarbons
    54.
    发明授权
    Method of removing arsenic from hydrocarbons 有权
    从碳氢化合物中除砷的方法

    公开(公告)号：US08211294B1

    公开(公告)日：2012-07-03

    申请号：US13425581

    申请日：2012-03-21

    Applicant: Gene H. Zaid ,  Beth Ann Wolf

    Inventor： Gene H. Zaid ,  Beth Ann Wolf

    IPC: C10G21/20 ,  C10G21/16

    CPC classification number: C10G21/16 ,  C10G21/20 ,  C10G29/02 ,  C10G2300/201

    Abstract: Improved methods for removing arsenic from starting liquid hydrocarbons are provided which comprise contacting the hydrocarbons with a composition containing a triazine component and a glycol ether component, allowing the composition to react with the arsenic to create a treated hydrocarbon fraction and an arsenic-rich fraction, and separating the treated fraction from the arsenic-rich fraction. Preferably, the treating composition also includes an alcohol, and is used at a level of from about 1-10,000 ppm.

    Abstract translation: 提供了用于从起始液体烃中除去砷的改进方法，其包括使烃与含有三嗪组分和二醇醚组分的组合物接触，使组合物与砷反应以产生经处理的烃馏分和富含砷的馏分， 并将处理过的馏分与富砷馏分分离。 优选地，处理组合物还包含醇，并且其用量为约1-10,000ppm。

    METHODOLOGY FOR THE REMOVAL OF INORGANIC COMPONENTS FROM URBAN WASTES, INDUSTRIAL WASTES AND SLUDGES FROM SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS
    55.
    发明申请
    METHODOLOGY FOR THE REMOVAL OF INORGANIC COMPONENTS FROM URBAN WASTES, INDUSTRIAL WASTES AND SLUDGES FROM SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANTS 审中-公开
    从城市废物，工业废物和污水处理厂的污水中去除无机成分的方法

    公开(公告)号：US20120160659A1

    公开(公告)日：2012-06-28

    申请号：US13394140

    申请日：2010-09-09

    Applicant: Emmanouil Koukios

    Inventor： Emmanouil Koukios

    IPC: C10L5/46

    CPC classification number: C10L5/48 ,  C10B53/00 ,  C10B57/14 ,  C10G1/00 ,  C10G1/02 ,  C10G2300/1003 ,  C10G2300/201 ,  C10L5/46 ,  C10L9/08 ,  C10L9/083 ,  C10L9/10 ,  Y02E50/10 ,  Y02E50/14 ,  Y02E50/15 ,  Y02E50/30

    Abstract: A methodology for the removal of the harmful components of ash from urban/industrial wastes and sludges from the sewage treatment plants is invented. The harmful components are alkaline metals, chlorine, sulphur, zinc, lead, and chromium. They are removed before the thermochemical conversion and therefore the corrosion problems, scaling/deposition, ash agglomeration, dioxin and furan emissions, alkaline metal, chlorine, sulphur emissions are minimized if not diminished. The emissions of heavy metals such as zinc, lead, copper, and chromium are reduced. The removal is achieved with prepyrolysis/pregasification at 250-320° C. for 5 min to 2 h of urban/industrial wastes and sludges from the sewage treatment plants. Then the prepyrolysed/pregasified sample is washed with a 0.5%-5% weight basis aqueous calcium acetate and/or magnesium acetate and/or aluminum acetate solution. These acetate salts can be mixed in a proportion of 0% to 100% to form an active salt which is used for the preparation of the aqueous solution. Otherwise, they can be used separately to prepare separate solutions for successive extractions with the same results. The proportions used and the use or not of successive extractions depend on the kind and on the composition of the initial material as well as on the desired properties of the material after treatment. Any kind tap water from a public water supply system, spring, etc. can be used for the preparation of aqueous solution. The solid-toliquid ratio is 33 g/L to 600 g/L, the temperature varies from 13° C. to 95° C., and treatment time is between 5 min to 2.

    Abstract translation: 发明了从污水处理厂的城市/工业废物和污泥中去除灰分有害成分的方法。 有害成分是碱金属，氯，硫，锌，铅和铬。 在热化学转化之前，它们被除去，因此如果不减少腐蚀问题，结垢/沉积，灰分聚集，二恶英和呋喃排放，碱金属，氯，硫的排放，则其最小化。 重金属如锌，铅，铜和铬的排放减少。 在250-320℃预处理/预气化5分钟至2小时的城市/工业废物和来自污水处理厂的污泥，可以实现去除。 然后用0.5％-5％重量的基于乙酸钙水溶液和/或乙酸镁和/或乙酸铝溶液洗涤预调制/预气化的样品。 这些乙酸盐可以以0％〜100％的比例混合，形成用于制备水溶液的活性盐。 否则，它们可以单独使用，为相同的提取准备单独的解决方案，具有相同的结果。 所使用的比例和连续提取的使用和不使用取决于初始材料的种类和组成以及处理后材料的期望性质。 公共供水系统，弹簧等的任何自来水都可用于制备水溶液。 固液比为33g / L至600g / L，温度为13℃至95℃，处理时间为5分钟至2℃。

    Production of diesel fuel from renewable feedstocks
    56.
    发明授权
    Production of diesel fuel from renewable feedstocks 有权
    从可再生原料生产柴油

    公开(公告)号：US08193400B2

    公开(公告)日：2012-06-05

    申请号：US12403518

    申请日：2009-03-13

    Applicant: John P. Brady ,  Tom N. Kalnes ,  Terry L. Marker

    Inventor： John P. Brady ,  Tom N. Kalnes ,  Terry L. Marker

    IPC: C10L5/00 ,  C10L1/16 ,  C07C4/00

    CPC classification number: C10L1/06 ,  C10G2300/1014 ,  C10G2300/1018 ,  C10G2300/1037 ,  C10G2300/201 ,  C10G2300/4081 ,  C10G2300/80 ,  C10G2400/02 ,  C10G2400/04 ,  C10G2400/28 ,  C10L1/08 ,  Y02E50/13 ,  Y02P30/20

    Abstract: A process has been developed for producing diesel fuel from renewable feedstocks such as plant oils and greases. The process involves treating a renewable feedstock by hydrogenating and deoxygenating i.e. decarboxylating and/or hydrodeoxygenating to provide a hydrocarbon fraction useful as a diesel fuel. If desired, the hydrocarbon fraction can be isomerized to improve cold flow properties. A portion of the hydrogenated and deoxygenated feedstock is selectively separated and then recycled to the treatment zone to increase the hydrogen solubility of the reaction mixture. A diesel range stream or a naphtha range stream, or a mixture of the two streams is used as a rectification agent in the selective hot high pressure hydrogen stripper to decrease the amount of product carried in the overhead.

    Abstract translation: 已经开发了用于从可再生原料如植物油和油脂生产柴油的方法。 该方法包括通过氢化和脱氧处理可再生原料，即脱羧和/或加氢脱氧以提供可用作柴油燃料的烃馏分。 如果需要，烃馏分可以被异构化以改善冷流动性能。 氢化和脱氧原料的一部分被选择性分离，然后再循环到处理区以提高反应混合物的氢溶解度。 在选择性热高压氢气汽提器中使用柴油范围流或石脑油流或两股混合物作为精馏剂，以减少在塔顶馏出物中携带的产物的量。

    Method and apparatus for steam hydro-gasification with increased conversion times
    60.
    发明授权
    Method and apparatus for steam hydro-gasification with increased conversion times 有权
    蒸汽加氢气化方法和装置，转化时间越长

    公开(公告)号：US08143319B2

    公开(公告)日：2012-03-27

    申请号：US12218653

    申请日：2008-07-16

    Applicant: Chan Seung Park ,  Joseph M. Norbeck

    Inventor： Chan Seung Park ,  Joseph M. Norbeck

    IPC: C07C27/00

    CPC classification number: C01B3/34 ,  C01B2203/0233 ,  C01B2203/062 ,  C01B2203/0838 ,  C01B2203/1241 ,  C01B2203/148 ,  C01B2203/84 ,  C10G2/332 ,  C10G2300/1003 ,  C10G2300/1011 ,  C10G2300/201 ,  C10G2300/807 ,  C10J3/005 ,  C10J3/463 ,  C10J3/503 ,  C10J2300/093 ,  C10J2300/0966 ,  C10J2300/0973 ,  C10J2300/1246 ,  C10J2300/1659 ,  C10K3/00 ,  Y02E20/18 ,  Y02P30/20

    Abstract: A method and apparatus for converting carbonaceous material to a stream of carbon rich gas, comprising heating a slurry feed containing the carbonaceous material in a hydrogasification process using hydrogen and steam, at a temperature and pressure sufficient to generate a methane and carbon monoxide rich stream in which the conversion time in the process is between 5 and 45 seconds. In particular embodiments, the slurry feed containing the carbonaceous material is fed, along with hydrogen, to a kiln type reactor before being fed to the fluidized bed reactor. Apparatus is provided comprising a kiln type reactor, a slurry pump connected to an input of the kiln type reactor, means for connecting a source of hydrogen to an input of the kiln type reactor; a fluidized bed reactor connected to receive output of the kiln type reactor for processing at a fluidizing zone, and a source of steam and a source of hydrogen connected to the fluidized bed reactor below the fluidizing zone. Optionally, a grinder can be provided in the kiln type reactor.

    Abstract translation: 一种用于将碳质材料转化为富含碳的气体流的方法和装置，包括在足以产生富含甲烷和一氧化碳的流的温度和压力下，使用氢气和蒸汽在加氢气化过程中加热含有碳质材料的浆料进料 该过程中的转换时间在5到45秒之间。 在具体实施方案中，含有碳质材料的浆料进料物料与氢气一起进料到窑式反应器中，然后送入流化床反应器。 提供了包括窑式反应器，连接到窑式反应器的输入端的浆料泵的装置，用于将氢源连接到窑式反应器的输入端的装置; 连接以接收在流化区处理的窑式反应器的输出的流化床反应器，以及连接到流化床下方的流化床反应器的蒸汽源和氢源。 任选地，可以在窑式反应器中提供研磨机。

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