Abstract:
The invention provides for a device comprising an apparatus comprising (a) a transmission grating capable of diffracting a photon beam into a diffracted photon output, and (b) an image detector capable of detecting the diffracted photon output. The device is useful for measuring the spatial profile and diffraction pattern of a photon beam, such as a vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) beam.
Abstract:
A device includes a substrate having a first surface. A piezoelectric nanowire is disposed on the first surface of the substrate. The piezoelectric nanowire has a first end and an opposite second end. The piezoelectric nanowire is subjected to an amount of strain. A first Schottky contact is in electrical communication with the first end of the piezoelectric nanowire. A second Schottky contact is in electrical communication with the second end of the piezoelectric nanowire. A bias voltage source is configured to impart a bias voltage between the first Schottky contact and the second Schottky contact. A mechanism is configured to measure current flowing through the piezoelectric nanowire. The amount of strain is selected so that a predetermined current will flow through the piezoelectric nanowire when light of a selected intensity is applied to a first location on the piezoelectric nanowire.
Abstract:
An ultraviolet detection system comprises a global positioning device for receiving signals transmitted from global positioning satellites, and generating global positioning satellite distribution data and current position data; and a processor, coupled to the global positioning device, for generating ultraviolet intensity information according to the current position data and the global positioning satellite distribution data. The processor generates ultraviolet intensity information more accurately according to a current time data, which is transmitted from the global positioning satellite or is automatically generated from the global positioning device.
Abstract:
A reflecting member made from a tube-shaped member has an inner peripheral surface that structures a reflecting surface on an axis of the tube-shaped member. A slope, relative to the axis, of a tangent line of the inner peripheral surface in a cross-sectional plane containing the axis changes monotonically along the axis. In relation to a target facing a smaller opening of the tube-shaped member, at a specific distance therefrom, and having a flat region perpendicular to the axis and axially symmetrical relative to the axis, of an electromagnetic radiation incident along the axis from a larger opening of the tube-shaped member, that radiation reflected at a specific location on the larger opening side is incident on one end side of the flat region, and that radiation reflected at a specific location on the smaller opening side is incident on the other end side of the flat region.
Abstract:
A method of manufacturing a diamond UV sensor element improved with a UV/visible light blind ratio using a diamond single crystal as a light receiving portion and detecting a light based on the change of electric resistance caused by a light irradiated to the light receiving portion is provided, the method, including (1) a step of hydrogenating the surface of the diamond single crystal in an atmosphere substantially containing hydrogen, and (2) a step of forming a light receiving portion by exposing the hydrogenated surface of the diamond single crystal into an atmosphere containing ozone or active oxygen.
Abstract:
The invention is related to the adjustment of characteristics of a beam bundle of high-energy radiation emitted from a plasma, particularly for applications in semiconductor lithography. For acquiring and adjusting characteristics of a beam bundle of high-energy radiation emitted from a plasma and focused by means of collector optics, an intensity distribution of the radiation is acquired over the cross section of a convergent beam bundle in a measuring plane perpendicular to the optical axis in front of an intermediate focus of the collector optics, and intensity values are recorded in defined sectors for a quantity of reception regions of a measuring device which are aligned with different radii concentric to the optical axis, and measured quantities and control variables are determined from a comparison of the intensity values of different sectors for aligning the collector optics.
Abstract:
A recessed portion is provided into which an ultraviolet detecting device is inserted, and a case is provided for holding removably in the state wherein the ultraviolet detecting device is inserted into the recessed portion. A conducting portion is provided that is connected on one end to the electrode portion of the ultraviolet detecting device and wherein the other end is led out from the case. The recessed portion is provided with first through fourth protrusions which insert into grooves that are formed in the ultraviolet detecting device.
Abstract:
To provide both a photodetecting element and a photodetecting device which can prevent generating of a plurality of current paths, and can detect with stability and high sensitivity regardless of a surface state instability of an optical absorption layer. The photodetecting element includes an optically transparent substrate, an optical absorption layer, an electrode, an electrode, an adhesive layer, an insulating film, and a package. The optical absorption layer is formed on the optically transparent substrate, and a part of each the electrodes is embedded in the optical absorption layer. The photodetecting unit is bonded junction down with the adhesive layer on the package. The optical absorption layer absorbs light of a specified wavelength selectively to be converted into an electric signal. The light to be measured is irradiated from a back side surface of the optically transparent substrate.
Abstract:
A welding accessory and a system for detecting thermal and/or UV radiation exposure during welding operations are disclosed. The welding accessory may have a surface exposed to thermal and/or UV radiation generated by electric arc welding, a first image visible without exposure to the thermal and/or UV radiation, and a second image formed from either a UV activated dye that is visible only after exposure to UV radiation generated by the electric welding arc or a thermochromic dye that is visible only after exposure to a predetermined level of thermal radiation generated by the welding arc. A system may include either a thermal or UV exposure indicator with a first state and at least a second state, and include either a thermochromic or UV activated dye adapted to provide a reversible or persistent visual indication upon exposure to radiation. The visual indication may include any combination of symbols, logos, images, text, or other decorative or informational designs as desired.
Abstract:
A method for measuring radiation of energy photons, such as ultraviolet radiation, on a surface, may include programming at least one transistor by at least transmitting an electric charge to it. The method may further include measuring an electrical quantity of the at least one transistor receiving radiation of energy photons and estimating, based on this electrical quantity, an amount of radiation received.