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    Reactions of aromatic compounds
    1.
    发明授权
    Reactions of aromatic compounds 失效
    芳香族化合物的反应

    公开(公告)号：US06515189B1

    公开(公告)日：2003-02-04

    申请号：US09554692

    申请日：2001-02-05

    Applicant: Paul Harston ,  John Burns ,  Colin Ramshaw

    Inventor： Paul Harston ,  John Burns ,  Colin Ramshaw

    IPC: B01J1900

    CPC classification number: C07C303/06 ,  B01J19/0093 ,  B01J2219/00783 ,  B01J2219/00822 ,  B01J2219/00831 ,  B01J2219/00833 ,  C07C201/08 ,  C07C309/29 ,  C07C205/06

    Abstract: A method of reacting an aromatic compound with an immiscible reacting agent involves the passage of the reactant along a flow path having a width of from 10 to 1000 &mgr;m in such a way that essentially laminar flow of the reactant takes place. Reaction takes place across the interface between the phases and without substantial mixing of the unreacted aromatic compound and the reacting agents. A preferred reaction is the nitration reaction which involves reaction of a first phase comprising an organic aromatic compound on a second phase comprising a nitrating agent to produce two new phases of different chemical composition to the starting phases. The aqueous and organic phases produced are ideally separated such that minimum contamination occurs. Other examples of this type of reaction include the sulphonation of an aromatic compound using sulphuric acid as the sulphonating agent. The aromatic compound is slowly consumed in the reaction yielding a single aqueous phase.

    Abstract translation: 使芳族化合物与不混溶反应剂反应的方法涉及使反应物沿着宽度为10至1000μm的流动路径通过，使得发生基本层流的反应物。 反应发生在相之间的界面上，并且未充分混合未反应的芳族化合物和反应剂。 优选的反应是硝化反应，其包括在包含硝化剂的第二相上包含有机芳族化合物的第一相的反应，以产生与起始相不同的化学组成的两个新相。 理想地分离生产的水相和有机相，使得最小污染发生。 这种类型的反应的其它实例包括使用硫酸作为磺化剂的芳族化合物的磺化。 芳族化合物在反应中缓慢消耗，产生单一的水相。

    Agitators
    2.
    发明授权
    Agitators 失效
    搅拌机

    公开(公告)号：US5198156A

    公开(公告)日：1993-03-30

    申请号：US878908

    申请日：1992-05-06

    Applicant: John C. Middleton ,  Colin Ramshaw

    Inventor： John C. Middleton ,  Colin Ramshaw

    IPC: B01F3/04 ,  B01F7/00

    CPC classification number: B01F3/04539 ,  B01F3/04531 ,  B01F2003/04546 ,  B01F2003/04673 ,  B01F7/00275 ,  B01F7/00291 ,  B01F7/0045 ,  B01F7/00641

    Abstract: The turbine agitator assembly including a reservoir for liquid, a rotor mounted in the reservoir and with a plurality of radially extending blades, and sparger means for introducing a fluid into liquid in the reservoir. The fluid sparger means and the rotor are so constructed and arranged that, in use, the rotor blades (submerged in the liquid) and/or the liquid flow they generate disperse the sparged fluid. Each of the blades is hollow and has a discontinuous leading edge, only a single trailing edge along an acute angle, no external concave surface and an open radially outer end.

    Abstract translation: 涡轮搅拌器组件包括用于液体的储存器，安装在储存器中的转子和多个径向延伸的叶片，以及用于将流体引入储存器中的液体的喷洒器装置。 流体喷射器装置和转子被构造和布置成使得在使用中，转子叶片（浸没在液体中）和/或它们产生的液体流分散喷射流体。 每个叶片是中空的并且具有不连续的前缘，仅具有锐角的单个后缘，没有外部凹面和开放的径向外端。

    Process for effecting electrochemical reaction
    3.
    发明授权
    Process for effecting electrochemical reaction 失效
    进行电化学反应的方法

    公开(公告)号：US5004526A

    公开(公告)日：1991-04-02

    申请号：US487183

    申请日：1990-03-02

    Applicant: Colin Ramshaw

    Inventor： Colin Ramshaw

    IPC: H01M8/02 ,  C25B9/12 ,  H01M8/04 ,  H01M8/22

    CPC classification number: C25B9/125

    Abstract: An electrode assembly for organic electrosynthesis (and a cell cascade comprising a plurality of such assemblies) for electrochemical reaction between a liquid first phase and a liquid (organic) second phase. The assembly comprises a non-permeable, electrically charged, rotated electrode, in use in contact with the first phase, to which the second phase is charged, and the reaction product of the two phases is removed from the electrode. Also, a process using the assembly or cascade.

    Heat pumps
    4.
    发明授权
    Heat pumps 失效
    热泵

    公开(公告)号：US4656839A

    公开(公告)日：1987-04-14

    申请号：US689190

    申请日：1985-01-07

    Applicant: William T. Cross ,  Colin Ramshaw

    Inventor： William T. Cross ,  Colin Ramshaw

    IPC: F25B3/00 ,  F25B15/00 ,  F25B30/04

    CPC classification number: F25B15/004 ,  Y02B30/62

    Abstract: A centrifugal absorption heat pump in which the heat released on condensation of the vapor of a first working fluid is used to generate a vapor from a solution of a second working fluid, and/or heat released on absorption of a third working fluid in an absorbent is used to evaporate a fourth working fluid.

    Abstract translation: 一种离心吸收式热泵，其中使用第一工作流体的蒸汽冷凝时释放的热量，从第二工作流体的溶液中产生蒸气，和/或吸收第三工作流体吸收的热量 用于蒸发第四工作流体。

    Thermal cracking
    6.
    发明授权
    Thermal cracking 失效
    热裂纹

    公开(公告)号：US5728916A

    公开(公告)日：1998-03-17

    申请号：US347374

    申请日：1994-11-18

    Applicant: Arthur Gough ,  Colin Ramshaw

    Inventor： Arthur Gough ,  Colin Ramshaw

    IPC: C10G9/00 ,  C10G9/14 ,  C10G9/20 ,  C07C4/04

    CPC classification number: C10G9/20 ,  Y10S585/921 ,  Y10S585/926

    Abstract: Steam-free non-catalytic cracking of hydrocarbons in reaction zomes each having surfaces heated externally and a heated surface to volume ratio above 3 cm-.sup.1, at a rate such that the flow through each reaction zone is essentially laminar.

    Abstract translation: PCT No.PCT / GB93 / 00920 Sec。 371日期1995年2月10日 102（e）日期1995年2月10日PCT 1993年4月30日PCT公布。 公开号WO93 / 23498 日期1993年11月25日无反应动力学中的烃的非催化裂化，其各自具有在外部加热的表面和加热的表面与体积比高于3cm -1的速率，使得通过每个反应区的流体基本上是层流的。

    Heat pumps
    7.
    发明授权
    Heat pumps 失效
    热泵

    公开(公告)号：US5009085A

    公开(公告)日：1991-04-23

    申请号：US302348

    申请日：1989-01-27

    Applicant: Colin Ramshaw ,  Terence Winnington

    Inventor： Colin Ramshaw ,  Terence Winnington

    IPC: F04D1/12 ,  F25B15/00

    CPC classification number: F04D1/12 ,  F25B15/004 ,  Y02B30/62

    Abstract: An absorption-cycle heat pump comprises a rotary assembly including a vapor generator (GE,14), a condenser (CO,23), an absorber (AB,22), an evaporator (EV) and a solution heat exchanger (X,16). The vapor generator, the condenser and the absorber each include a wall (14, 23, 22 respectively) across which the volatile component (preferably water) and/or a liquid absorbent therefore are caused to flow under the action of the forces generated during rotation of the assembly. The evaporator comprises a plurality of finned heat exchange tubes 31 into which the volatile component is injected with a radially inwardly-directed component of motion, the tubes being of generally elliptical configuration disposed with their major axes extending generally radially. To maintain the evaporator heat exchange surfaces continuously wetted, excess volatile component is supplied such that a major part of the latter remains unvaporised after flow across the evaporator heat exchange surfaces and is collected in a reservoir (26), which also receives the condensate from the condenser, for re-injection into the evaporator tubes (31).

    Electrochemical cell
    8.
    发明授权
    Electrochemical cell 失效

    公开(公告)号：US4931166A

    公开(公告)日：1990-06-05

    申请号：US322716

    申请日：1989-03-13

    Applicant: Colin Ramshaw

    Inventor： Colin Ramshaw

    IPC: H01M8/02 ,  C25B9/12 ,  H01M8/04 ,  H01M8/22

    CPC classification number: C25B9/125

    Abstract: An electrode assembly for organic electrosynthesis (and a cell cascade comprising a plurality of such assemblies) for electrochemical reaction between a liquid first phase and a liquid (organic) second phase. The assembly comprises a non-permeable, electrically charged, rotated electrode, in use in contact with the first phase, to which the second phase is charged, and the reaction product of the two phases is removed from the electrode. Also, a process using the assembly or cascade.

    Mass transfer apparatus and process
    9.
    发明授权
    Mass transfer apparatus and process 失效
    传质装置及过程

    公开(公告)号：US4400275A

    公开(公告)日：1983-08-23

    申请号：US323582

    申请日：1981-11-20

    Applicant: Colin Ramshaw ,  Roger H. Mallinson

    Inventor： Colin Ramshaw ,  Roger H. Mallinson

    IPC: B04B5/04 ,  B01D3/30 ,  B01D11/04 ,  B01D47/16 ,  B01D53/18 ,  B01J10/00 ,  B01J19/00 ,  B01J19/18 ,  B01D33/06

    CPC classification number: B01J19/1806 ,  B01D11/0461 ,  B01D3/30 ,  B01D47/16 ,  B01D53/18 ,  B01J19/0066 ,  B01J19/0073

    Abstract: Apparatus for effecting mass transfer between two fluid phases, at least the first of which is a liquid, which apparatus comprises an annular permeable element which is rotatable about its axis of symmetry, means to charge the first fluid to the permeable element, means to charge the second fluid to the permeable element, and means to discharge at least one of the fluids or a derivative thereof from the permeable element characterized in that the permeable element is formed by winding a tape under tension around the said axis and anchoring the tape to maintain it under tension.

    Abstract translation: 用于在两个流体相之间进行质量传递的装置，其至少第一液体是液体，该装置包括可围绕其对称轴线旋转的环形可渗透元件，用于将第一流体充入可渗透元件的装置， 第二流体到可渗透元件，以及用于将至少一种流体或其衍生物从可渗透元件排出的装置，其特征在于，所述可渗透元件通过在所述轴线周围的张力下缠绕带而形成，并且锚固所述带以保持 它在紧张。

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