Abstract:
A storage node of a magnetic memory device includes: a lower magnetic layer, a tunnel barrier layer formed on the lower magnetic layer, and a free magnetic layer formed on the tunnel barrier. The free magnetic layer has a magnetization direction that is switchable in response to a spin current. The free magnetic layer has a cap structure surrounding at least one material layer on which the free magnetic layer is formed.
Abstract:
A switching element includes: a first electrode; a second electrode; and a silicon-containing chalconitride layer between the first electrode and the second electrode. A switching device includes: a threshold switch material layer between a first electrode and a second electrode. The threshold switch material layer includes a cationic metal element, a chalcogen element, a silicon element and a nitrogen element. A memory device include: a plurality of first wirings arranged in parallel with each other; a plurality of second wirings crossing the first wirings, and arranged in parallel with each other; and a memory cell formed at each intersection of the plurality of first wirings and the plurality of second wirings. The memory cell includes a laminate having a silicon-containing chalconitride layer, an intermediate electrode, and a memory layer.
Abstract:
A power management chip and a power management device including the power management chip. The power management chip includes at least one power switch and a driver unit for generating a driving signal for driving the at least one power switch, the driver unit including one or more circuit units formed on a same substrate as the at least one power switch.
Abstract:
An objective lens for an endoscope, an actuator for focusing the objective lens, and an endoscope system including the objective lens are provided. The objective lens for an endoscope includes a plurality of lenses and a stop, and an optical element disposed adjacent to the stop, wherein a focal length may be varied by moving the optical element in a direction different from an optical axis.
Abstract:
A nonlinear optic article for difference frequency generation is provided. The article comprises a wave mixer configured to generate a difference frequency mixing signal, the wave mixer comprising a compound made from one or more noncentrosymmetric crystal-glass phase-change materials comprising one or more chalcogenide compounds that are structurally one dimensional and comprise a polymeric 1∞[PSe6−] chain or a polymeric 1∞[P2Se62−] chain, wherein the one or more chalcogenide compounds are capable of difference frequency generation.
Abstract:
A focal plane shutter having a front film and a back film which expose a charge-coupled device to light as they move back and forth between a cover plate and a base plate, between a charging position and a discharging position at a certain time interval. The focal plane shutter includes at least one lever member which is connected to the front film and/or back film, and which amplifies an impact force generated during a charging and a discharging movement of the front film and/or back film using a lever action. An elevating member slides in a direction parallel with the movement of the front film and/or back film by the impact force amplified in the lever member. An impact absorbing unit regulates the sliding movement of the elevating member to absorb impact energy generated by the movement and stop of the front film and/or back film.
Abstract:
Image sensors and methods of operating the same. An image sensor includes a pixel array including a plurality of pixels. Each of the plurality of pixels includes a photo sensor, the voltage-current characteristics of which vary according to energy of incident light, and that generates a sense current determined by the energy of the incident light; a reset unit that is activated to generate a reference current, according to a reset signal for resetting at least one of the plurality of pixels; and a conversion unit that converts the sense current and the reference current into a sense voltage and a reference voltage, respectively.
Abstract:
A plasma display panel (PDP) including: first and second opposing substrates; a discharge layer disposed between the substrates, having discharge cells; address electrodes disposed on the first substrate, extending in a first direction, across the discharge cells; and display electrodes disposed on the second substrate, extending across the discharge cells in a second direction. The discharge layer includes: a discharge enhancement layer disposed on the first substrate, having first spaces; and a barrier rib layer disposed on the discharge enhancement layer, having second spaces that are connected to the first spaces, so as to form the discharge cells. The discharge enhancement layer further includes a perimeter member disposed in a dummy area provided at the edges of an effective area of the PDP.
Abstract:
A process for producing an optical glass fiber from crystal-glass phase material. In one embodiment, the process includes the step of providing a molten crystal-glass phase material in a container, wherein the temperature of the molten crystal-glass phase material is at or above the melting temperature of the molten crystal-glass phase material, Tm, to allow the molten crystal-glass phase material is in liquid phase. The process further includes the step of cooling the molten crystal-glass phase material such that the temperature of the molten crystal-glass phase material, T1, is reduced to below Tm to cause the molten crystal-glass phase material to be changed from the liquid phase to a viscous melt. Moreover, the process has the step of pulling a glass fiber of the crystal-glass phase material from the viscous melt, wherein T1 satisfies the following relationship: Tv
Abstract:
Provided is a process for preparing a compound of formula 1 or its salt, which includes reacting a compound of formula 2 with a compound of formula 3 in the presence of a base.