公开(公告)号：US4965452A

公开(公告)日：1990-10-23

申请号：US410790

申请日：1989-09-22

Applicant: Steven P. Sturm

Inventor： Steven P. Sturm

IPC: G01N33/34

CPC classification number: G01N33/346

Abstract: The printability of paper coated with kaolinite clay is dependent upon the flatness of kaolinite alumino-silicate clay platelets on the surface thereof. The flatness is determined by calculating the ratio of two infrared absorption bands from two specific types of structural hydroxyls characteristic of kaolinite clay platelet crystals.

Abstract translation: 用高岭石粘土涂布的纸的印刷性取决于其表面上的高岭石铝硅酸盐粘土片晶的平整度。 平坦度通过计算两种特定类型的高岭石粘土片晶体结构羟基的红外吸收带的比例来确定。

公开(公告)号：US5457539A

公开(公告)日：1995-10-10

申请号：US79344

申请日：1993-06-18

Applicant: Steven P. Sturm

Inventor： Steven P. Sturm

IPC: G01D18/00 ,  G01N21/86 ,  G01N21/84 ,  G01N21/00

CPC classification number: G01D18/00 ,  G01N21/86 ,  G01B2210/42 ,  G01B2210/44

Abstract: A focused light beam instrument measures characteristics of webs of sheet material. The instrument and a reference surface, a backing tile in a carousel, are on opposite sides of the web which is maintained a fixed distance from the reference surface by a Bernoulli hold down device such that variations in the gap affect the beam focus. The instrument and reference surface scan the web via a scanning frame. The instrument is calibrated-standardized in an off sheet position where a first surface, a carousel backing tile, is moved opposite to the instrument and in the plane of the web. The instrument measures the first surface and a second surface, another carousel backing tile, which is moved opposite to the instrument but spaced farther from or closer thereto than the first surface. The distance of the instrument from the web is calculated from the difference between the measurements of the first and second surfaces. The calculated distance is used to determine an operating position on an instrument response curve and the instrument is calibrated accordingly. A second or third order polynomial is fitted to the instrument response curve and differentiated at the operating point on the curve to determine the rate of change of the measurement characteristic of the instrument at that point. Gap changes and the determined rate of change of the measurement characteristics are used to compensate gap change errors in measurements made by the instrument.

Abstract translation: 聚焦光束仪器测量片材材料的特性。 仪器和参考表面，圆盘传送带中的背衬瓦片位于腹板的相对侧上，其通过伯努利压紧装置与参考表面保持固定的距离，使得间隙的变化影响射束的聚焦。 仪器和参考表面通过扫描框架扫描网。 仪器在离纸位置校准标准化，其中第一表面，圆盘传送带背衬瓦片与仪器相对移动并且在幅材的平面中移动。 该仪器测量第一表面和第二表面，另一个转盘背衬瓦片，其与仪器相反地移动，但与第一表面相距更远或更靠近第一表面。 根据第一和第二表面的测量值之间的差异计算仪器与幅材的距离。 计算的距离用于确定仪器响应曲线上的操作位置，并相应地校准仪器。 将二阶或三阶多项式拟合到仪器响应曲线上，并在曲线上的工作点进行微分，以确定仪器在该点的测量特性的变化率。 间隙变化和确定的测量特性的变化率用于补偿由仪器进行的测量中的间隙变化误差。

公开(公告)号：US4837438A

公开(公告)日：1989-06-06

申请号：US62992

申请日：1987-06-17

Applicant: Steven P. Sturm

Inventor： Steven P. Sturm

IPC: G01N21/35 ,  G01N33/34

CPC classification number: G01N21/35 ,  G01N33/346 ,  G01N21/3563

Abstract: Apparatus and associated methods for measuring the polymer content of a mixture having polymer and cellulose components. Infrared absorption means are employed to derive a measurement of that fraction of the combined weights of polymer and cellulose components which is accounted for by the polymer.

公开(公告)号：US08148690B2

公开(公告)日：2012-04-03

申请号：US12566180

申请日：2009-09-24

Applicant: Steven P. Sturm ,  Michael S. O'Hora ,  Rodney D. Maxson

Inventor： Steven P. Sturm ,  Michael S. O'Hora ,  Rodney D. Maxson

IPC: G01N21/86

CPC classification number: G01N21/86 ,  G01N21/3559 ,  G01N2021/8663

Abstract: Web measurement system monitors properties of a web during manufacture without chopping measuring radiation during web measurement. A single chop is performed at each sheet edge or every nth sheet edge to measure edge temperature and edge thermal radiation for correction for Planckian radiation. Correction factors, including Planckian radiation correction factors, are derived for each point in a web profile. The measuring system also enables derivation of correction factors during operation in a single point and similar machine operating modes.

Abstract translation: Web测量系统在制造期间监测网的属性，而不会在网测量期间切割测量辐射。 在每个片材边缘或每个第n个边缘进行单次切割，以测量边缘温度和边缘热辐射，用于普朗克斯辐射的校正。 校正因子，包括普朗克辐射校正因子，为网络配置文件中的每个点导出。 测量系统还可以在单​​点运行和类似的机器运行模式下推导校正系数。

公开(公告)号：US5627372A

公开(公告)日：1997-05-06

申请号：US576472

申请日：1995-12-21

Applicant: Steven P. Sturm

Inventor： Steven P. Sturm

IPC: A24C5/34 ,  G01N23/12 ,  G01Q90/00 ,  G01N23/00

CPC classification number: G01N23/12 ,  A24C5/3412

Abstract: A method and apparatus are provided for sensing basis weight of a rod of material, such as tobacco, by two basis weight sensing operations which are then combined. A first sensing operation having high accuracy but slow response time is combined with a second sensing operation having low accuracy but fast response time to result in a high accuracy and fast response time output signal. The first sensing operation is performed using a low radiation beta gauge which does not require licensing or safety precautions required by currently used beta gauges. The second sensing operation is performed using a dielectric sensor. The output signals from the first and second sensing operations are time averaged and combined such that the fast response output signals from the second sensing operation are calibrated or biased using the output signals from the first sensing operation to result in a high accuracy and fast response time measurement of the basis weight for a rod of material, such as tobacco.

Abstract translation: 提供了一种方法和装置，用于通过两个基重感测操作来感测诸如烟草的材料棒的基重，然后将其组合。 具有高精度但慢的响应时间的第一感测操作与具有低精度但是快速响应时间的第二感测操作组合以产生高精度和快速响应时间输出信号。 第一次感测操作使用低辐射β测量仪进行，该测量仪不需要当前使用的测压计所要求的许可证或安全预防措施。 使用介质传感器执行第二感测操作。 来自第一和第二感测操作的输出信号是时间平均和组合的，使得来自第二感测操作的快速响应输出信号使用来自第一感测操作的输出信号进行校准或偏置，以产生高精度和快速的响应时间 测量诸如烟草的材料棒的基重。

公开(公告)号：US4823008A

公开(公告)日：1989-04-18

申请号：US116987

申请日：1987-11-05

Applicant: Steven P. Sturm

Inventor： Steven P. Sturm

IPC: G01N21/31 ,  G01N21/35 ,  G01N21/86 ,  G01N33/34

CPC classification number: G01N21/86 ,  G01N21/3559 ,  G01N33/346 ,  G01N2021/3148 ,  G01N2021/8663 ,  G01N2201/1211

Abstract: Apparatus and methods for use in measuring the moisture content of heavy-grade sheets of paper during their continuous manufacture. In one aspect, means employing infrared absorption techniques for determining the fiber weight per unit area of a sheet having a fiber weight of up to 1100 grams per square meter are provided. In another aspect, means employing infrared absorption techniques including the use of two moisture absorption bands and associated moisture reference bands for calculating the average temperature of the sheet are provided. The latter aspect may be used to produce an indication of moisture weight per unit area, wherein the indication is substantially independent on changes in the average temperature, and enables accurate measurement of the moisture weight per unit area of heavy grades of paper having moisture weights of up to 450 grams per square meter. The former aspect may be employed in measuring the moisture content of heavy grade of paper having moisture weights of up to 90 grams per square meter.

公开(公告)号：US4733078A

公开(公告)日：1988-03-22

申请号：US899611

申请日：1986-08-25

Applicant: Steven P. Sturm

Inventor： Steven P. Sturm

IPC: G01N21/35 ,  G01N21/86 ,  G01N33/34 ,  G01J1/00 ,  G01F23/00

CPC classification number: G01N33/346 ,  G01N21/3559 ,  G01N2021/8618

Abstract: A process and apparatus for measuring moisture content of moisture-stratified sheet material such as paper is disclosed. The effective reflectivities of two areas of an infrared moisture sensor that generally face opposite surfaces of the sheet are made significantly different, so that the sensitivity of the measurement to conditions prevailing in a high-moisture stratum of the sheet is increased.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于测量水分分层的片材如纸的含水量的方法和装置。 通常面对片材的相对表面的红外线湿度传感器的两个区域的有效反射率被显着地不同，使得测量对片材的高湿度层中普遍存在的条件的灵敏度增加。

公开(公告)号：US20110068261A1

公开(公告)日：2011-03-24

申请号：US12566180

申请日：2009-09-24

Applicant: Steven P. Sturm ,  Michael S. O'Hora

Inventor： Steven P. Sturm ,  Michael S. O'Hora

IPC: G12B13/00 ,  G06F19/00 ,  G01N21/86

CPC classification number: G01N21/86 ,  G01N21/3559 ,  G01N2021/8663

Abstract: Web measurement system monitors properties of a web during manufacture without chopping measuring radiation during web measurement. A single chop is performed at each sheet edge or every nth sheet edge to measure edge temperature and edge thermal radiation for correction for Planckian radiation. Correction factors, including Planckian radiation correction factors, are derived for each point in a web profile. The measuring system also enables derivation of correction factors during operation in a single point and similar machine operating modes.

Abstract translation: Web测量系统在制造期间监测网的属性，而不会在网测量期间切割测量辐射。 在每个片材边缘或每个第n个边缘进行单次切割，以测量边缘温度和边缘热辐射，用于普朗克斯辐射的校正。 校正因子，包括普朗克辐射校正因子，为网络配置文件中的每个点导出。 测量系统还可以在单​​点运行和类似的机器运行模式下推导校正系数。

公开(公告)号：US5233195A

公开(公告)日：1993-08-03

申请号：US841366

申请日：1992-02-25

Applicant: Ake A. Hellstrom ,  Wim Muller ,  Steven P. Sturm ,  Alan M. Reid

Inventor： Ake A. Hellstrom ,  Wim Muller ,  Steven P. Sturm ,  Alan M. Reid

IPC: G01N23/16 ,  G01Q90/00

CPC classification number: G01N23/16

Abstract: Characteristics of moving webs are measured using a radiation source shutter which is rotatably movable between an opened-shutter position and a closed-shutter position and structured to permit access to the radiation source in the closed-shutter position. The source is configured to produce a fan-shaped radiation beam which passes through the web to a detector. The sizing of the fan-shaped beam and the detector together with the spacing the source and the detector are such that the beam width is substantially less than the detector while its length is greater than the detector. This novel beam shaping, detector arrangement provides composition insensitivity, increases solid beam angle and superior streak detection by aligning the beam length dimension with the direction of web movement. Alignment insensitivity is obtained by tuning the radiation beam using concentric rings or crossed strips of material which is semi-transparent to the radiation to compensate for geometric characteristics of the radiation source/beam and the detector. Air within an open portion of a measuring column extending between the radiation source and detector is conditioned and also used to condition electronics associated with the detector. The gap between the radiation source and the detector is monitored and used to compensate for variations in the measuring column air mass due to gap variations.

Abstract translation: 移动腹板的特征是使用辐射源快门来测量的，该辐射源快门可在打开的快门位置和闭合快门位置之间可旋转地运动并被构造成允许在闭门快门位置进入辐射源。 源被配置成产生通过幅材到检测器的扇形辐射束。 扇形光束和检测器的尺寸以及源和检测器的间距使得光束宽度基本上小于检测器，而其长度大于检测器。 这种新颖的光束成形，检测器布置提供了组合不敏感性，通过将光束长度尺寸与幅材移动的方向对准来增加实心光束角度和优异的条纹检测。 通过使用对辐射半透明的材料的同心环或交叉条调整辐射束来获得对准不敏感性，以补偿辐射源/光束和检测器的几何特性。 在辐射源和检测器之间延伸的测量柱的开放部分内的空气被调节并且还用于调节与检测器相关的电子设备。 监测辐射源和检测器之间的间隙，并用于补偿由于间隙变化引起的测量柱空气质量的变化。

公开(公告)号：US4300049A

公开(公告)日：1981-11-10

申请号：US125225

申请日：1980-02-27

Applicant: Steven P. Sturm

Inventor： Steven P. Sturm

IPC: G01N21/31 ,  G01J1/00 ,  G01D18/00

CPC classification number: G01N21/314

Abstract: A method and apparatus for determining a property of a material (10) utilizes a source (28) of measuring radiation and reference radiation, a measuring information channel including a detector (30) for the measuring radiation, and a reference information channel including a detector (32) for the reference radiation. A channel-monitoring radiation is also produce. In a standardizing mode, a monitor-standardization response (M.sub.11 or R.sub.11) is derived from each of the two channels while passing monitoring radiation to both detectors and a source-standardization response (M.sub.12 or R.sub.12) is derived from each of the two channels while passing measuring radiation to the measuring detector and passing reference radiation to the reference detector. In an operating mode, an operation-monitoring response (M.sub.21 or R.sub.21) is derived from each of the two channels while passing monitoring radiation to both detectors and a material-condition response (M.sub.22 or R.sub.22) is derived from each of the two channels while directing source radiation into the material and passing to the respective measuring and reference detectors measuring and reference radiation that has interacted with the material. By responding to the monitor-standardization responses, the source-standardization responses, the operation-monitoring responses and the material-condition responses, there is produced a material property response (at 164 or 166) that is effectively standardized and substantially independent of gain changes occurring in either one or both of the measuring and reference information channels. The example shows the measurement of moisture content in a traveling sheet of paper with infrared radiation at 1.4.mu., 1.8.mu. and 1.9.mu..

Abstract translation: 一种用于确定材料（10）的性质的方法和装置利用测量辐射和参考辐射的源（28），包括用于测量辐射的检测器（30）的测量信息通道和包括检测器 （32）用于参考辐射。 通道监测辐射也是产生的。 在标准化模式中，从两个通道中的每个通道导出监视器标准化响应（M11或R11），同时将监控辐射传给两个检测器，并从两个通道中的每一个导出源标准化响应（M12或R12），同时 将测量辐射传递到测量检测器并将参考辐射传递到参考检测器。 在操作模式中，从两个通道中的每个通道导出运行监视响应（M21或R21），同时将监控辐射传给两个检测器，并且从两个通道中的每一个导出材料状态响应（M22或R22） 将源辐射引导到材料中并传递到相应的测量和参考检测器，测量和参考辐射已经与材料相互作用。 通过响应监测标准化反应，源标准化反应，操作监测反应和物质条件反应，产生了物质性质响应（164或166），其有效标准化并且基本上与增益变化无关 发生在测量和参考信息通道中的任一个或两个。 该示例显示了红外辐射的纸张中的含水量测量值为1.4μm，1.8μm和1.9μm。