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公开(公告)号：US12291470B2
公开(公告)日：2025-05-06
申请号：US17711798
申请日：2022-04-01
Inventor： Bruce R. Locke
Abstract: A plasma activated water production system includes a plasma reactor and a membrane concentrator. The plasma reactor includes an internal cavity, at least one electrically-conductive inlet capillary and outlet capillary. A mixing chamber has a feed gas inlet, a liquid inlet, and a mixed gas and liquid outlet. A power source is provided. The plasma reactor propagates a plasma discharge between the inlet capillary and the outlet capillary. A membrane concentrator includes a water flow channel with a water inlet and a water outlet, a dry gas inlet and a humidified gas outlet. An ion selective membrane is provided, and water will pass through the membrane into the dry gas, and the water leaving the membrane concentrator will have increased concentrations of nitrates, nitrites and hydrogen peroxide. An electrodialysis embodiment and a method of generating plasma activated with increased concentration of nitrates, nitrites and hydrogen peroxide are also disclosed.
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公开(公告)号：US10589252B2
公开(公告)日：2020-03-17
申请号：US16205941
申请日：2018-11-30
Inventor： Bruce R. Locke , Robert Wandell
IPC: B01J19/08 , C07C29/48 , C05C5/00 , C07C31/125
Abstract: A reactor system that includes a single reactor or a plurality of parallel reactors. A method that includes injecting a mixture including liquid water and a gas, into at least one electrically-conductive inlet capillary tube of a continuously-flowing plasma reactor to generate a flowing liquid film region on one or more internal walls of the continuously-flowing plasma reactor with a gas stream flowing through the flowing liquid film region; propagating a plasma discharge along the flowing liquid film region from at least one electrically-conductive inlet capillary to an electrically-conductive outlet capillary tube at an opposing end of the continuously-flowing plasma reactor; dissociating the liquid water in the plasma discharge to form a plurality of dissociation products; producing hydrogen peroxide and nitrogen oxides from the plurality of dissociation products.
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公开(公告)号：US20240207807A1
公开(公告)日：2024-06-27
申请号：US18506745
申请日：2023-11-10
Inventor： Bruce R. Locke , Robert J. Wandell , Radha Krishna Bulusu Raja
IPC: B01J19/08 , C01B15/029
CPC classification number: B01J19/088 , C01B15/0295 , B01J2219/0869
Abstract: A method of conducting reactions utilizing a gas/liquid/plasma reactor includes the steps of providing a gas/liquid/plasma reactor, providing a liquid and a gas defining a gas/liquid interface within the gas/liquid/plasma reactor, and charging the liquid and gas inside the gas/liquid/plasma reactor. The charging includes the application of a voltage to electrodes and thereby to the liquid and gas which includes a series of voltage bursts having an outer burst pulse frequency. The bursts each include a series of voltage pulses having an inner burst pulse frequency. The electrodes can be oriented such that a plasma is propagated across the gas/liquid interface when the voltage pulses are applied. A system for conducting reactions utilizing a gas/liquid/plasma reactor is also disclosed.
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公开(公告)号：US09861950B2
公开(公告)日：2018-01-09
申请号：US14213068
申请日：2014-03-14
Inventor： Bruce R. Locke , Igor Alabugin , Robert Wandell , Kevin Hsieh , Stefan Bresch
CPC classification number: B01J19/088 , B01J2219/0805 , B01J2219/0845 , B01J2219/0869 , B01J2219/0884 , B01J2219/0894 , C05C5/00 , C07C29/48 , C07C31/125
Abstract: The activation of the C—H bond using low temperature plasma with an inlet liquid stream such that value added products are formed effectively. An organic liquid (e.g., hexane which is immiscible with liquid water) is injected into a flowing gas (argon) stream followed by mixing with a liquid water stream. Thereafter, the mixture contacts a plasma region formed by a pulsed electric discharge. The plasma formed with the flowing liquid and gas between the two electrodes causes chemical reactions that generate various compounds.
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5.发明授权公开(公告)号：US11787709B2
公开(公告)日：2023-10-17
申请号：US17212244
申请日：2021-03-25
Inventor： Bruce R. Locke , Robert J. Wandell , Youneng Tang
IPC: C02F1/46 , C02F1/70 , H05H1/48 , C02F101/36 , C02F103/06
CPC classification number: C02F1/4608 , C02F1/70 , H05H1/48 , C02F2101/36 , C02F2103/06 , C02F2201/46
Abstract: A method for reacting a liquid phase chemical species includes the steps of providing liquid phase containing at least one liquid phase chemical species, providing a gas phase, and providing a reactor vessel for containing the liquid phase and the gas phase. The liquid phase and the gas phase are placed in the reactor vessel so as to form a liquid-gas interface between the liquid phase and the gas phase within the reactor vessel. A pulsed discharge cathode and anode are provided for creating a pulsed discharge electric field at the liquid-gas interface. A pulsed power input to the pulsed discharge cathode and anode is provided, thereby creating a plasma comprising ions at the liquid-gas interface. A secondary electric field is directed transverse to the liquid-gas interface, wherein the secondary electric field will drive ions from the gas phase into the liquid phase to react with the liquid phase species.
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Patent Agency Ranking
6.发明授权公开(公告)号：US10988390B2
公开(公告)日：2021-04-27
申请号：US16514704
申请日：2019-07-17
Inventor： Bruce R. Locke , Robert J. Wandell , Youneng Tang
IPC: C02F1/46 , C02F1/70 , H05H1/48 , C02F101/36 , C02F103/06
Abstract: A reactor system for reacting liquid phase chemical species in a liquid includes a reactor vessel for containing the liquid phase and a gas phase. The reactor vessel can have a gas injection port, a gas exit port, and a liquid-gas interface location within the reactor vessel. A pulsed discharge cathode and anode are provided for creating a pulsed discharge electric field at the liquid-gas interface location. A pulsed discharge power supply delivers a pulsed power input to the pulsed discharge cathode and anode, and thereby creates a plasma comprising ions at the liquid-gas interface location. A secondary electric field source is provided for directing a secondary electric field transverse to the liquid-gas interface. The secondary electric field will drive some of the ions from the gas phase into the liquid phase to react with the liquid phase chemical species. A method for reacting a liquid phase chemical species is also disclosed.
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公开(公告)号：US10350572B2
公开(公告)日：2019-07-16
申请号：US15125321
申请日：2015-03-13
Inventor： Bruce R. Locke , Robert Wandell
Abstract: A reactor system that includes a single reactor or a plurality of parallel reactors. A method that includes injecting a mixture including liquid water and a gas, into at least one electrically-conductive inlet capillary tube of a continuously-flowing plasma reactor to generate a flowing liquid film region on one or more internal walls of the continuously-flowing plasma reactor with a gas stream flowing through the flowing liquid film region; propagating a plasma discharge along the flowing liquid film region from at least one electrically-conductive inlet capillary to an electrically-conductive outlet capillary tube at an opposing end of the continuously-flowing plasma reactor; dissociating the liquid water in the plasma discharge to form a plurality of dissociation products; producing hydrogen peroxide and nitrogen oxides from the plurality of dissociation products.
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8.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20180215639A1
公开(公告)日：2018-08-02
申请号：US15883563
申请日：2018-01-30
Inventor： Bruce R. Locke , Youneng Tang , Robert Wandell
Abstract: A mixture comprising liquid water, a gas and at least one organic compound are injected into a non-thermal gas-liquid plasma discharge reactor to generate a flowing liquid film region with a gas stream flowing alongside. A plasma discharge is propagated along the flowing liquid film region. Water is dissociated and reactive species such as hydroxyl radicals, hydrogen peroxide and nitrogen oxides are formed. The organic compound reacts with the reactive species such as hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide present in the flowing liquid film region and in the flowing gas stream to produce organic compound dissociation products. At least some organic compound dissociation products and nitrogen oxides are transferred to a bioreactor for further degradation of organic compounds. The nitrogen oxides are used as nutrients for bacteria in the bioreactor. Feedback control of the plasma reactor is based on conditions detected and determined in the biological reactor.
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公开(公告)号：US20220332606A1
公开(公告)日：2022-10-20
申请号：US17711798
申请日：2022-04-01
Inventor： Bruce R. Locke
Abstract: A plasma activated water production system includes a plasma reactor and a membrane concentrator. The plasma reactor includes an internal cavity, at least one electrically-conductive inlet capillary and outlet capillary. A mixing chamber has a feed gas inlet, a liquid inlet, and a mixed gas and liquid outlet. A power source is provided. The plasma reactor propagates a plasma discharge between the inlet capillary and the outlet capillary. A membrane concentrator includes a water flow channel with a water inlet and a water outlet, a dry gas inlet and a humidified gas outlet. An ion selective membrane is provided, and water will pass through the membrane into the dry gas, and the water leaving the membrane concentrator will have increased concentrations of nitrates, nitrites and hydrogen peroxide. An electrodialysis embodiment and a method of generating plasma activated with increased concentration of nitrates, nitrites and hydrogen peroxide are also disclosed.
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10.发明申请公开(公告)号：US20210206667A1
公开(公告)日：2021-07-08
申请号：US17212244
申请日：2021-03-25
Inventor： Bruce R. Locke , Robert J. Wandell , Youneng Tang
Abstract: A reactor system for reacting liquid phase chemical species in a liquid includes a reactor vessel for containing the liquid phase and a gas phase. The reactor vessel can have a gas injection port, a gas exit port, and a liquid-gas interface location within the reactor vessel. A pulsed discharge cathode and anode are provided for creating a pulsed discharge electric field at the liquid-gas interface location. A pulsed discharge power supply delivers a pulsed power input to the pulsed discharge cathode and anode, and thereby creates a plasma comprising ions at the liquid-gas interface location. A secondary electric field source is provided for directing a secondary electric field transverse to the liquid-gas interface. The secondary electric field will drive some of the ions from the gas phase into the liquid phase to react with the liquid phase chemical species. A method for reacting a liquid phase chemical species is also disclosed.
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