公开(公告)号：US4491540A

公开(公告)日：1985-01-01

申请号：US358899

申请日：1982-03-17

Applicant: Hans Larker ,  Ragnar Tegman

Inventor： Hans Larker ,  Ragnar Tegman

IPC: G21F5/005 ,  G21F9/30 ,  G21F9/36

CPC classification number: G21F5/005 ,  G21F9/36

Abstract: Spent fuel rods from a nuclear reactor are enclosed in a body of copper, the fuel rods being embedded in copper powder in a copper container provided with a copper lid. The container with its contents and lid are then subjected to isostatic compression at a pressure and temperature sufficient to form a coherent dense mass unit of the powder, the container and the lid which embeds the fuel rods. The container can be enclosed in a sealed gas-tight capsule prior to the isostatic compression. A preliminary isostatic compression may be conducted at a lower temperature to effect creep deformation of the container, the lid and the powder.

Abstract translation: 来自核反应堆的废燃料棒被封闭在一个铜体内，燃料棒被嵌入铜粉末的铜制容器中。 然后将具有其内容物和盖子的容器在足够的压力和温度下进行等静压，以形成粉末，容器和嵌入燃料棒的盖子的相干致密质量单位。 在等静压之前，容器可以封闭在密封的气密胶囊中。 可以在较低温度下进行初步的等静压，以实现容器，盖子和粉末的蠕变变形。

公开(公告)号：US4112143A

公开(公告)日：1978-09-05

申请号：US760463

申请日：1977-01-18

Applicant: Jan Adlerborn ,  Hans Larker

Inventor： Jan Adlerborn ,  Hans Larker

IPC: B22F3/12 ,  C04B35/593 ,  C04B35/645 ,  C04B33/34

CPC classification number: C04B35/593 ,  B22F3/1225 ,  B22F3/1241 ,  B22F3/125 ,  C04B35/6455

Abstract: A method for manufacturing an object of silicon nitride by isostatic pressing of a preformed body of silicon nitride powder utilizing a pressure medium at a temperature sufficiently high to sinter the silicon nitride. The preformed body is subjected to a degassing operation before isostatic pressing. An inner porous layer of a first material and then an outer porous layer of a second material are applied on the preformed powder body. The inner porous layer is transformable, at a temperature below the sintering temperature for silicon nitride, into a pressure medium impermeable layer. The outer porous layer is also transformable into a pressure medium impermeable layer, but at a temperature which is lower than the temperature when the inner porous layer is converted into its pressure medium impermeable form. Thus, the preformed body is first subjected to a degassing and to a heating to the temperature for transforming the outer porous layer into a pressure medium impermeable layer while the inner porous layer is maintained in a porous form. Thereafter the preformed body and the surrounding layers are heated further to the temperature for converting the inner porous layer into its pressure medium impermeable form while a pressure greater than the gas pressure inside the layers is maintained on the outside of the layers. The isostatic pressing of the preformed object is then carried out.

Abstract translation: 通过使用压力介质在足够高的温度下均匀压制氮化硅粉末预制体来烧结氮化硅的方法来制造氮化硅的目的。 在等静压之前对预成型体进行脱气操作。 将第一材料的内部多孔层，然后将第二材料的外部多孔层施加到预成型的粉末体上。 在低于氮化硅的烧结温度的温度下，内部多孔层可变形成压力介质不渗透层。 外部多孔层也可以转化成压力介质不渗透层，但是在比内部多孔层转化为其不可渗透压力介质时的温度低的温度下。 因此，预先形成的主体首先进行脱气和加热至将外部多孔层转化为压力介质不渗透层的温度，同时内部多孔层保持多孔形式。 此后，将预成型体和周围层进一步加热到将内部多孔层转化成其不可渗透压力介质的温度，同时在该层的外侧保持大于层内的气体压力的压力。 然后执行预成型物体的等静压。

公开(公告)号：US4209420A

公开(公告)日：1980-06-24

申请号：US860557

申请日：1977-12-14

Applicant: Hans Larker

Inventor： Hans Larker

IPC: G21F9/36 ,  G21F5/008 ,  G21F5/12 ,  G21F9/00 ,  G21F9/34 ,  G21F9/28

CPC classification number: G21F9/34 ,  G21F5/008 ,  G21F5/12

Abstract: A method of containing spent nuclear fuel or high-level nuclear fuel waste in a resistant material for isolating the fuel or the waste from the environment, includes the provision of an open container and a cover fitting the container opening, with both the container and cover being made of a ceramic material which is given a high density by isostatic hot pressing. The nuclear fuel or the waste is placed in the container, the cover is placed over the opening of the container, and the container with the cover is contained in a gas-tight casing, whereupon the opened container and the cover are joined by isostatic hot pressing into a homogeneous monolithic body within a completely closed space.

Abstract translation: 将废核燃料或高级核燃料废物用于将燃料或废物与环境隔离的电阻材料的方法包括：设置开放式容器和装配容器开口的盖，容器和盖子 由陶瓷材料制成，其通过等静压热压赋予高密度。 核燃料或废弃物被放置在容器中，将盖放置在容器的开口上方，并且具有盖的容器被容纳在气密性壳体中，于是打开的容器和盖通过等静压热连接 在完全封闭的空间内压入均匀的整体。

公开(公告)号：US4152111A

公开(公告)日：1979-05-01

申请号：US860891

申请日：1977-12-15

Applicant: Hans Larker

Inventor： Hans Larker

IPC: B01J3/04 ,  B22F3/15 ,  F27B5/00 ,  F27B5/04 ,  G21F9/00 ,  G21F9/16 ,  G21F9/34

CPC classification number: B30B11/002 ,  B01J3/046 ,  B01J3/048 ,  B22F3/15 ,  F27B5/04 ,  G21F9/34

Abstract: Disclosed is an elongated cylindrical furnace that includes a housing which defines an internal pressure chamber. An annular heater is disposed in the chamber in surrounding relationship to a centrally disposed material treatment space and an insulation layer is disposed in surrounding relationship to the heater. An annular gas impermeable wall is disposed in the chamber between the heater and the treatment space to isolate the latter from the space outside the wall where the heater is located. The outer heater space and the inner material treatment space are each provided with a respective source of pressurized gas for pressurization of the furnace to operating pressure. Thus, the amount of pressurized gas in contact with the material undergoing treatment is minimized and limited by the volume of the inner space and contact between gas from the inner space which may have become contaminated by contact with the material undergoing treatment and hard to clean furnace components in the outer space is limited by the presence of the wall. Also disclosed are various means for controlling the relative gas pressures in the inner and outer spaces.

Abstract translation: 公开了一种细长的圆柱形炉，其包括限定内部压力室的壳体。 环形加热器设置在腔室中，与中心布置的材料处理空间相关联，并且绝缘层以与加热器相关的关系设置。 环形气体不可渗透壁设置在加热器和处理空间之间的室中，以将其隔离在加热器所在的壁外部的空间。 外部加热器空间和内部材料处理空间各自设置有用于将炉加压到操作压力的加压气体源。 因此，与正在处理的材料接触的加压气体的量被最小化并受到内部空间的体积的限制，并且与内部空间的气体之间的接触可能被与经受处理的材料接触而污染并且难以清洁的炉 外层空间中的部件受到壁的存在的限制。 还公开了用于控制内部空间和外部空间中的相对气体压力的各种手段。

公开(公告)号：US3934442A

公开(公告)日：1976-01-27

申请号：US497834

申请日：1974-08-15

Applicant: Hans Larker

Inventor： Hans Larker

IPC: B21C23/21 ,  B21C23/00 ,  F16J10/04 ,  B21C27/00

CPC classification number: B21C23/007 ,  F16J10/04

Abstract: In a press for hydrostatic extrusion which has a prestressed outer supporting member and an inner tube or liner, the end surfaces of the inner tube are inwardly inclined towards its center with an inclination of at least 1:20, and the seal holders which take up forces operating on the seals have inclined end surfaces which make contact with the inclined end surface of the inner tube. The sealing arrangement includes a first sealing ring with a cylindrical inner surface which contacts the punch and the die respectively, and an end surface making contact with the support ring, and a second sealing ring with an outer cylindrical sealing surface which makes contact with the inner tube and an inclined end surface which makes contact with the inclined end surface of the support ring.

Abstract translation: 在具有预应力外支撑构件和内管或衬套的静液压挤压机中，内管的端面朝向其中心向内倾斜至少1:20的倾斜度，并且密封保持器承受 在密封件上操作的力具有与内管的倾斜端面接触的倾斜端面。 所述密封装置包括：第一密封环，其具有与所述冲头和所述模具分别接触的圆柱形内表面和与所述支撑环接触的端面;以及第二密封环，其具有与所述内部 管和与支撑环的倾斜端面接触的倾斜端面。

公开(公告)号：US4883639A

公开(公告)日：1989-11-28

申请号：US285597

申请日：1988-12-16

Applicant: Jan Adlerborn ,  Hans Larker ,  Jan Nilsson

Inventor： Jan Adlerborn ,  Hans Larker ,  Jan Nilsson

IPC: B22F3/12 ,  B22F3/14 ,  B22F3/15 ,  B28B3/00 ,  C04B35/645

CPC classification number: C04B35/6455 ,  B22F3/1208 ,  B22F3/15

Abstract: An object is manufactured of a powdered material by isostatic pressing of a body (10), preformed from the powdered material, whereby the preformed body is surrounded by a casing (16) which at least for the main part is transferred to molten phase, before the isostatic pressing is carried out while sintering the powder. As material in the casing there is used glass or a material forming glass when being heated and containing 48-52 percent by weight B.sub.2 O.sub.3, 46-50 percent by weight SiO.sub.2 and 1.5-2.5 percent by weight Al.sub.2 O.sub.3. It can be removed from the finished object by water or water vapor and has a low coefficient of thermal expansion at temperatures below the melting temperature of the glass. To counteract the penetration of molten glass from the casing into the preformed body, a barrier layer (18) may be arranged on the preformed body inside the casing. (FIG. 3)

公开(公告)号：US4717535A

公开(公告)日：1988-01-05

申请号：US048735

申请日：1987-05-11

Applicant: Jan Adlerborn ,  Leif Hermansson ,  Hans Larker ,  Bertil Mattsson ,  Jan Nilsson

Inventor： Jan Adlerborn ,  Leif Hermansson ,  Hans Larker ,  Bertil Mattsson ,  Jan Nilsson

IPC: B22F3/14 ,  B22F3/12 ,  B22F3/15 ,  C04B35/64 ,  C04B35/645 ,  B22F1/00

CPC classification number: B22F3/1241 ,  C04B35/6455

Abstract: When manufacturing an object of powdered material by isostatic pressing of a body (10), preformed from the powdered material, with a gaseous pressure medium, the preformed body is provided with a casing (19) of glass which is made gas-impermeable by heating before carrying out the isostatic pressing. Inside the glass casing there is arranged on the preformed body a barrier layer (11) which counteracts the penetration of melted glass from the enclosure in the preformed body. The barrier layer is built up of at least two layers, of which one layer (12) at least substantially consists of powdered boron nitride and one layer (13) of a mixture of powdered boron nitride and a powdered material with the ability, upon contact with glass from the casing in melted form, to make a layer containing boron nitride tighter.

Abstract translation: 当通过等离子体挤压由粉末材料制成的主体（10）制成粉末材料时，用气体压力介质，预成型体设置有玻璃外壳（19），该壳体通过加热制成气体不可渗透的 在进行等静压之前。 在玻璃外壳内部，在预成型体上设置阻挡层（11），阻挡层（11）抵抗熔融玻璃从预成型体中的外壳的穿透。 阻挡层由至少两层构成，其中至少基本上由粉末状氮化硼组成的一层（12）和粉末状氮化硼与粉末材料的混合物的一层（13）具有接触能力 以熔融形式从套管中取出玻璃，使含有氮化硼的层更紧密。

公开(公告)号：US4579703A

公开(公告)日：1986-04-01

申请号：US355700

申请日：1982-03-08

Applicant: Jan Adlerborn ,  Hans Larker ,  Bertil Mattsson ,  Jan Nilsson

Inventor： Jan Adlerborn ,  Hans Larker ,  Bertil Mattsson ,  Jan Nilsson

IPC: B22F3/12 ,  B22F5/04 ,  B22F7/06 ,  B28B1/00 ,  C04B35/593 ,  C04B35/645 ,  C04B37/00 ,  F01D5/28 ,  B29C43/10 ,  B28B11/04

CPC classification number: F01D5/284 ,  B22F3/1225 ,  B22F5/04 ,  B22F7/062 ,  B28B1/002 ,  C04B35/593 ,  C04B35/6455

Abstract: In the manufacture of an article of ceramic material, for example a bladed turbine wheel of silicon nitride, there is first formed a plurality of article parts, at least one of which is a shaped powder body formed from powder of ceramic material mixed with a plasticizer, after which the plasticizer is driven off by a suitable heating operation. The article parts are then assembled together into a configuration conforming to that of the article to be manufactured, and the assembled article parts are surrounded with a gas-impermeable layer, for example a layer of glass. Finally, the assembled parts are isostatically pressed at elevated temperature to form the assembled article parts into a dense, homogeneous article.

Abstract translation: 在制造陶瓷材料制品时，例如氮化硅的叶片式涡轮机叶片，首先形成多个制品部件，其中至少一个是由与增塑剂混合的陶瓷材料粉末形成的成形粉体 之后，通过合适的加热操作驱除掉增塑剂。 然后将制品部件组装成符合要制造的制品的构造，并且组装的制品部分被不透气层包围，例如玻璃层。 最后，将组装的部件在高温下等静压，以将组装的制品部件形成为致密的均质制品。

公开(公告)号：US4339271A

公开(公告)日：1982-07-13

申请号：US919916

申请日：1978-06-28

Applicant: Sven-Erik Isaksson ,  Hans Larker

Inventor： Sven-Erik Isaksson ,  Hans Larker

IPC: B22F3/12 ,  B22F3/00

CPC classification number: B22F3/125 ,  B22F3/1266

Abstract: A shaped body is formed by cold-pressing a powdered material into a desired shape and then providing thereon a surface layer of a material having a lower melting point than the powder of the shaped body. The shaped body is then placed in a furnace connectable to vacuum equipment, wherein the pressure is first lowered to a value lower than atmospheric pressure and then the temperature is increased so that the material of the surface layer melts. Thereafter the body is isostatically hot-pressed under the direct influence of an inert, gaseous pressure medium, the powder particles being thus bound together to high density by pressure sintering.

Abstract translation: 通过将粉末状材料冷压成所需形状然后在其上提供具有比成形体粉末低的熔点的材料的表面层来形成成形体。 然后将成形体放置在可连接到真空设备的炉中，其中压力首先降低到低于大气压力的值，然后升高温度，使得表面层的材料熔化。 此后，体系在惰性气体压力介质的直接影响下被均匀热压，粉末颗粒通过加压烧结而结合在一起，达到高密度。

公开(公告)号：US4031732A

公开(公告)日：1977-06-28

申请号：US580463

申请日：1975-05-22

Applicant: Hans Larker ,  Erik Lundblad ,  Bertil Lundback ,  Jan Nilsson

Inventor： Hans Larker ,  Erik Lundblad ,  Bertil Lundback ,  Jan Nilsson

IPC: B21C23/08 ,  B21C23/00 ,  B21C25/04

CPC classification number: B21C23/007

Abstract: In the hydrostatic extrusion of tubes in a press which has a pressure chamber containing a high pressure cylinder, a pressure generating portion insertable into the cylinder, a die arranged in the cylinder and a mandrel axially fixed in relation to the die and composed of a carrier portion and a tip, and in which the tip forms with the opening in the die a gap in which a tubular billet is shaped into a tube by hydrostatic extrusion, in connection with the insertion of the tubular billet, a seal is produced initially between the mandrel and the hole in the billet at a point between the front part of the mandrel carrier and the hollow wall of the billet. This may be done by producing a constriction of the front end of the hole in the billet before the mandrel is inserted therein or by upsetting the billet against the die.

Abstract translation: 在具有包含高压缸的压力室的压力机中的管的静液压挤压中，可插入到气缸中的压力产生部分，设置在气缸中的模具和相对于模具轴向固定并由载体构成的心轴 部分和尖端，并且其中尖端与模具中的开口一起形成间隙，在该间隙中管状坯料​​通过静压挤出成形为管，与管状坯料的插入有关，最初在 心轴和在心轴托架的前部和坯料的中空壁之间的点处的坯料中的孔。 这可以通过在心轴插入其中之前产生在坯料中的孔的前端的收缩或通过将坯料镦锻在模具上来实现。