公开(公告)号：US4363780A

公开(公告)日：1982-12-14

申请号：US216713

申请日：1980-12-15

Applicant: Kare Hannerz

Inventor： Kare Hannerz

IPC: G21C1/08 ,  G21C9/012 ,  G21C15/18

CPC classification number: G21C15/18 ,  G21C9/012 ,  Y02E30/31

Abstract: Boiling reactor comprising a reactor core (1) and a pressure vessel (2) enclosing said reactor core and being provided with at least one conduit for discharged steam and at least one conduit for feed water and during normal operation being filled with water up to a certain normal level (11), the steam pressure in the pressure vessel having a substantially constant value of at least 5 MPa. The pressure vessel (2) is surrounded by a water-filled pool (3) with a water volume above the reactor core (1) which is considerably greater than the water volume within the pressure vessel (2). The pressure vessel (2) is a concrete vessel having an internal thermal insulation (9). The reactor comprises emergency cooling pipes (19, 20) with valves (19', 20') connecting the reactor vessel (2) to the pool (3). The valves (19', 20') are normally closed. The pipes (19, 20) are positioned at different levels. The emergency cooling valves (19', 20') are adapted to be controlled in dependence on the water level (11) in the reactor vessel (2) in such a way that they are opened when the water level is below a certain minimum level. When the valves (19', 20') are opened, steam is flowing out of the reactor vessel (2) through the upper emergency cooling pipe (19), whereas water is flowing from the pool (3) into the reactor vessel (2) through the lower emergency cooling pipes (20) as soon as the difference in static pressure in the pool between lower emergency cooling pipe (20) and upper emergency cooling pipe (19) is greater than the pressure drop of the steam flux passing through the latter. Emergency cooling is achieved entirely without the use of pumps. (FIG. 1.)

Abstract translation: 沸腾反应器包括反应堆芯（1）和包围所述反应堆芯的压力容器（2），并且设置有至少一个用于排出的蒸汽的管道和至少一个用于给水的管道，并且在正常操作期间充满水直至 某些正常水平（11），压力容器中的蒸汽压力具有至少5MPa的基本上恒定的值。 压力容器（2）由具有在反应堆芯（1）上方的水体积的充水池（3）包围，该水体积大大大于压力容器（2）内的水量。 压力容器（2）是具有内部保温层（9）的混凝土容器。 反应堆包括紧急冷却管道（19,20），其中连接反应堆（2）和池（3）的阀门（19'，20'）。 阀（19'，20'）通常关闭。 管道（19,20）位于不同的水平。 紧急冷却阀（19'，20'）适于根据反应堆容器（2）中的水位（11）进行控制，使得当水位低于某一最低水平时它们被打开 。 当阀门（19'，20'）打开时，蒸汽通过上部紧急冷却管道（19）从反应堆容器（2）流出，而水从池（3）流入反应堆容器（2） ），一旦下部应急冷却管道（20）和上部应急冷却管道（19）之间的水池中的静压差大于通过下部应急冷却管道（20）的蒸汽流量的压降 后者。 完全不需要使用泵来实现紧急冷却。 （图。1。

公开(公告)号：US4967699A

公开(公告)日：1990-11-06

申请号：US196563

申请日：1988-05-20

Applicant: Kare Hannerz

Inventor： Kare Hannerz

IPC: F22B21/30 ,  F22B1/16

CPC classification number: F22B1/162

Abstract: Steam generators are used in pressurized water-cooled nuclear reactors for generating steam which issues from the generator through a large bore steam outlet. Heat-exchange tubes through which feed water flows are surrounded by hot cooling water from the reactor. The tubes must be capable of being inspected and repaired. To simplify inspection and repair, the tubes are U-shaped and each end of each tube is connected upwardly to a tube plate in the steam generator, whereby each end of each tube can be reached in a simple manner through an outgoing steam outlet.

公开(公告)号：US4526742A

公开(公告)日：1985-07-02

申请号：US361641

申请日：1982-03-25

Applicant: Kare Hannerz

Inventor： Kare Hannerz

IPC: G21C9/00 ,  G21C1/00 ,  G21C1/14 ,  G21C7/22 ,  G21C15/00 ,  G21C15/04 ,  G21C15/18

CPC classification number: G21C15/18 ,  Y02E30/40

Abstract: A pressurized water nuclear reactor comprises a reactor vessel arranged in a pool made in the form of a pressure vessel, the pool being filled with a strongly neutron-absorbing liquid, for example borated water. The reactor vessel, in addition to being connected to a primary system, is provided with a lower shutdown opening, arranged below the reactor core, for pool liquid and with an upper shutdown opening, arranged above the core, for pool liquid. The reactor vessel, the two emergency shutdown openings and the liquid-filled space of the pool are included in an emergency shutdown circuit, in which the difference in density between the liquid in the pool and the relatively warmer cooling water in the reactor vessel constitutes a pressure difference which by itself, or alternatively with the aid of some other pressure generation means, balances the pressure drop of the reactor cooling water across the core in such a way that no significant flow circulates in the emergency shutdown circuit during normal reactor operation.

Abstract translation: 加压水核反应堆包括布置在以压力容器形式制成的池中的反应器容器，池中充满强中子吸收液体，例如硼酸水。 反应器容器除了连接到主系统之外还设置有下部关闭开口，布置在反应堆芯下方，用于池液体，并具有布置在芯上方的用于池液的上关闭开口。 反应堆容器，两个紧急关闭开口和池的充满液体的空间被包括在紧急关闭电路中，其中池中的液体与反应堆容器中相对较暖的冷却水之间的密度差构成一个 或者借助于一些其他压力产生装置的压力差平衡反应堆冷却水在核心上的压降，使得在正常的反应堆操作期间，在紧急关闭电路中没有明显的流量循环。

公开(公告)号：US4666661A

公开(公告)日：1987-05-19

申请号：US644085

申请日：1984-08-24

Applicant: Jan Fredell ,  Kare Hannerz

Inventor： Jan Fredell ,  Kare Hannerz

IPC: G21C9/00 ,  G21C13/10 ,  G21C15/12 ,  G21C15/18

CPC classification number: G21C15/18 ,  Y02E30/40

Abstract: A heat-generating member (4) is arranged in a water-filled pressure vessel (1) which is provided with a pressure relief valve or the like. The water of the pressure vessel can be partly evaporated, thereby acting as a heat sink for the generated heat. The walls of an outer vessel (6) surround at least a lower part of the pressure vessel (1) in such a way that a closed, relatively small auxiliary space (7) is formed between the two vessels. The auxiliary space (7) communicates via at least one tube (8) with an open evaporation pool (9), which is arranged above the cover (2) of the pressure vessel (1). A tube coil (10), disposed in an upper part of the pressure vessel, is connected by both ends to the evaporation pool (9). If a leak (13) should occur in the lower part of the pressure vessel, water from the auxiliary space flows to the evaporation pool via the tube 8 and from the evaporation pool into the tube coil (10), whereby boiling takes place in the evaporation pool (9) due to high-temperature steam condensing on the tube coil. The leakage (13), thus, does not result in a loss of the heat sink.

Abstract translation: 发热体（4）设置在设有压力释放阀等的充水压力容器（1）内。 压力容器的水可以部分蒸发，从而用作发热的散热器。 外部容器（6）的壁围绕压力容器（1）的至少下部，使得在两个容器之间形成封闭的相对小的辅助空间（7）。 辅助空间（7）经由至少一个管（8）与布置在压力容器（1）的盖（2）上方的开放式蒸发池（9）连通。 设置在压力容器的上部的管状线圈（10）通过两端连接到蒸发池（9）。 如果在压力容器的下部发生泄漏（13），则来自辅助空间的水将经由管8流到蒸发池，并从蒸发池流入管线圈（10），从而在 蒸发池（9）由于管线圈上的高温蒸汽冷凝。 因此，泄漏（13）不会导致散热器的损失。

公开(公告)号：US4048090A

公开(公告)日：1977-09-13

申请号：US637635

申请日：1975-12-04

Applicant: Kare Hannerz

Inventor： Kare Hannerz

IPC: B01J2/08 ,  G21C3/62

CPC classification number: G21C3/623 ,  B01J2/08 ,  Y02E30/38

Abstract: A mixed oxide fuel of uranium dioxide and plutonium dioxide is in the form of mixed oxide particles with a diameter of 0.2 to 2 mm. A surface layer of the particles consists of UO.sub.2 with a plutonium content per unit of volume of at most 15 per cent of the average plutonium content per unit of volume of the particle. The particles are formed by extrusion through a concentric nozzle. A water emulsion of uranium dioxide is first pumped through the inner nozzle, after which a water emulsion of plutonium dioxide is pumped through the outer nozzle. Thereafter a water emulsion of uranium dioxide is pumped through the outer nozzle to surround the plutonium dioxide layer and then water emulsion of uranium dioxide is pumped through the first nozzle to complete the enclosure of the plutonium dioxide.

Abstract translation: 二氧化铀和二氧化钚的混合氧化物燃料是直径为0.2至2mm的混合氧化物颗粒的形式。 颗粒的表面层由UO2组成，每单位体积的钚含量至多为每单位体积颗粒的平均钚含量的15％。 颗粒通过挤出通过同心喷嘴形成。 首先将二氧化铀的水乳液泵入内部喷嘴，然后通过外部喷嘴泵送二氧化钚水乳液。 此后，将二氧化铀的水乳液通过外部喷嘴泵送以包围二氧化钚层，然后将二氧化铀的水乳液泵送通过第一喷嘴以完成钚二氧化物的封闭。