Abstract:
A VCSEL includes a substrate having a partially removed portion; a metal-assisted DBR having a metal layer and a first mirror stack, wherein the metal layer is located at the partially removed portion of the substrate; an active region having a plurality of quantum wells over the metal-assisted DBR; and a second mirror stack over the active region, wherein a number of alternating layers of the first mirror stack is substantially smaller than a number typically required for a VCSEL without the integrated metal reflector. Such a metal-assisted DBR is especially useful for a long-wavelength VCSEL on a InP substrate or a red-color VCSEL on a GaAs substrate.
Abstract:
A vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) structure includes a bottom distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) arranged over a substrate; a metal layer interposed between the bottom DBR and the substrate, wherein the metal layer and bottom DBR form a composite mirror structure. A patterned dielectric layer may be interposed between the metal layer and the bottom DBR to reduce a deleterious chemical reaction between the metal layer and the bottom DBR. The metal layer directly contacts a portion of the bottom DBR to enhance the electrical and thermal conductivity of the
Abstract:
A vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) includes independently definable current and optical confinement structures that provide unique forms of drive current and transverse mode confinement, respectively. The optical guide may be formed from an upper distributed Bragg reflector (DBR), as an etched mesa structure and/or as an intracavity optical guide. The current guide may include an ion-implanted region within the upper DBR. A dielectric structure is formed over the upper DBR and surrounds the optical guide.
Abstract:
A current confinement layer of a VCSEL is formed by adjusting flow rates of In-, Al-, and As-containing precursors introduced within a deposition chamber. By maintaining a low ratio between the flow rate of the As-containing precursors and the total flow rate of In- and Al-containing precursors (e.g., less than 25, 10, 5, or 1), a current confinement layer, lattice matched to InP and having an enhanced oxidation rate, may be formed.
Abstract:
A disposable blood analysis cartridge for analyzing a blood sample including an optical light scattering measurement channel is described. In use, processed sample may be introduced into a sheath fluid channel at an angle, α, of approximately 90 degrees, relative to the direction of flow of the sheath fluid. In addition, delivering the sample from the side into the sheath fluid may facilitate better positioning of the core within the hydrodynamic focusing channel for measurement.
Abstract:
An interposer includes a first surface on a first side of the interposer and a second surface on a second side of the interposer, wherein the first and the second sides are opposite sides. A first probe pad is disposed at the first surface. An electrical connector is disposed at the first surface, wherein the electrical connector is configured to be used for bonding. A through-via is disposed in the interposer. Front-side connections are disposed on the first side of the interposer, wherein the front-side connections electrically couple the through-via to the probe pad.
Abstract:
An under-bump metallization (UBM) structure for a semiconductor device is provided. The UBM structure has a center portion and extensions extending out from the center portion. The extensions may have any suitable shape, including a quadrangle, a triangle, a circle, a fan, a fan with extensions, or a modified quadrangle having a curved surface. Adjacent UBM structures may have the respective extensions aligned or rotated relative to each other. Flux may be applied to a portion of the extensions to allow an overlying conductive bump to adhere to a part of the extensions.
Abstract:
An under-bump metallization (UBM) structure for a semiconductor device is provided. The UBM structure has a center portion and extensions extending out from the center portion. The extensions may have any suitable shape, including a quadrangle, a triangle, a circle, a fan, a fan with extensions, or a modified quadrangle having a curved surface. Adjacent UBM structures may have the respective extensions aligned or rotated relative to each other. Flux may be applied to a portion of the extensions to allow an overlying conductive bump to adhere to a part of the extensions.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to electrostatically actuated device components and methods of making the same. In an embodiment, the invention includes a method of making an electrostatically actuated device component including providing a multilayered structure comprising a first layer comprising a first polymer, a second layer comprising a conductive material, the second layer disposed over the first layer, a third layer comprising a dielectric material, the third layer disposed over the second layer, positioning the multilayered structure within an injection mold, and injecting a second polymer into the mold and bonding the first layer to the second polymer to produce an electrostatically actuated device component. In an embodiment, the invention includes a method of injection molding a stator component for an electrostatically actuated valve.
Abstract:
A valve structure having a top part, a flexible media conveyance, such as a tube, a diaphragm and a bottom part with a support for the tube. The top surface of the diaphragm and the bottom surface of the top part may have electrodes attached. When there is no electric potential applied across the electrodes, the diaphragm may rest on and close the passageway in the flexible tube for effectively preventing a fluid flow. When an electrical potential is applied to the electrodes, the diaphragm may be pulled up off from the tube thereby opening or partially opening the passageway in the tube for a media flow or pressure transfer. Partial opening may be for modulation purposes. There may be a tension mechanism attached to the diaphragm. A controller may apply an electrical potential to the electrodes for at least partially opening or closing the valve.