Abstract:
An article such as a biosensor having a nonfouling surface thereon is described. The article comprises: (a) a substrate having a surface portion; (b) a linking layer on the surface portion; (c) a polymer layer comprising brush molecules formed on the linking layer; and (d) optionally but preferably, a first member of a specific binding pair (e.g., a protein, peptide, antibody, nucleic acid, etc.) coupled to the brush molecules. The polymer layer is preferably formed by the process of surface-initiated polymerization (SIP) of monomeric units thereon. Preferably, each of the monomeric units comprises a monomer (for example, a vinyl monomer) core group having at least one protein-resistant head group coupled thereto, to thereby form the brush molecule on the surface portion. Methods of using the articles are also described.
Abstract:
A substrate, which is useful for performing biological, chemical and diagnostic assays, and a method for preparing the substrate are provided. The substrate has an upper surface with a coating disposed thereon. The coating comprises a charged polymer, a non-ionic polyether, and a silicate compound. The substrate can increase capture phase binding and reduce non-specific binding of biomolecules for a biological microarray.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a spotter device and methods for the formation of microassays, biochips, biosensors, and cell cultures. The spotter may be used to deposit highly concentrated spots of protein or other materials on a microarray a slide, wafer, or other substrate. The spotter uses microfluidic conduits and orifices to deposit proteins, other biomolecules, or chemicals on a spot on a substrate. Each orifice is part of a fluid pathways that includes an inlet and outlet conduit. When the spotter contacts a substrate a seal is formed between the orifices and the substrate.
Abstract:
Reactive surfaces, substrates and methods of producing and using such substrates and surfaces are provided. The substrates and surfaces provide low density reactive groups preferably on an otherwise non-reactive surface for use in different applications including single molecule analyses.
Abstract:
Reactive surfaces, substrates and methods of producing and using such substrates and surfaces are provided. The substrates and surfaces provide low density reactive groups preferably on an otherwise non-reactive surface for use in different applications including single molecule analyses.
Abstract:
A probe medium for being placed on a substrate comprising a probe which can specifically bond to a target substance, and a substance having a site which can bond to the probe and a substance having a site which can bond to a substrate surface. A process for manufacturing a substrate an immobilized probe comprising the steps of providing a substrate, and providing the substrate with a probe medium comprising a probe which can specifically bond to a target substance and a substance having a site which can bond to the probe and a substance having a site which can bond to a substrate surface. Probe medium comprises a probe which can specifically bond to a target substance, a water-soluble polymer material, and a high boiling solvent. A process for immobilizing a probe comprising the steps of providing a substrate, and providing the substrate with probe medium comprising the probe which can specifically bond to a target substance, a water-soluble polymer material and a high boiling solvent.
Abstract:
Methods and apparatus for the preparation and use of a substrate having an array of diverse materials in predefined regions thereon. A substrate having an array of diverse materials thereon is generally prepared by delivering components of materials to predefined regions on a substrate, and simultaneously reacting the components to form at least two materials or, alternatively, allowing the components to interact to form at least two different materials. Materials which can be prepared using the methods and apparatus of the present invention include, for example, covalent network solids, ionic solids and molecular solids. More particularly, materials which can be prepared using the methods and apparatus of the present invention include, for example, inorganic materials, intermetallic materials, metal alloys, ceramic materials, organic materials, organometallic materials, nonbiological organic polymers, composite materials (e.g., inorganic composites, organic composites, or combinations thereof), etc. Once prepared, these materials can be screened for useful properties including, for example, electrical, thermal, mechanical, morphological, optical, magnetic, chemical, or other properties. Thus, the present invention provides methods for the parallel synthesis and analysis of novel materials having useful properties.
Abstract:
An article such as a biosensor having a nonfouling surface thereon is described. The article comprises: (a) a substrate having a surface portion; (b) a linking layer on the surface portion; (c) a polymer layer comprising brush molecules formed on the linking layer; and (d) optionally but preferably, a first member of a specific binding pair (e.g., a protein, peptide, antibody, nucleic acid, etc.) coupled to the brush molecules. The polymer layer is preferably formed by the process of surface-initiated polymerization (SIP) of monomeric units thereon. Preferably, each of the monomeric units comprises a monomer (for example, a vinyl monomer) core group having at least one protein-resistant head group coupled thereto, to thereby form the brush molecule on the surface portion. Methods of using the articles are also described.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to methods for monitoring in a high through-put fashion a multitude of molecular reaction processes, using a substrate, said substrate comprising a plurality of micro-channels, wherein each micro-channel has inlet and outlet open ends on opposing sides of said substrate, and wherein said micro-channels comprise at least one first reaction component, comprising the steps of: (a) contacting said micro-channels of said solid substrate with a sample, said contacting being via said inlet open ends, wherein said sample comprises an analyte, under conditions that allow said analyte to be specifically retained within said micro-channels by said first reaction component; (b) optionally removing excess of sample via said outlet open ends; (c) contacting the retained analyte with at least one second reaction component, said second reaction component being different from said first reaction component as defined in step (a), under conditions that allow a molecular reaction to take place, said reaction producing a signal; (d) detecting said signal and reading-out reaction results; (e) removing second reaction components via said outlet open ends; (f) repeating steps (c) to (e) at least once, wherein said at least one second reaction component as defined in (c) may be changed in composition; and, final detecting and reading-out of reaction results. The present invention also relates to the uses thereof as well as to microarrays and kits for performing said methods of the invention.
Abstract:
Ultrahigh resolution patterning, preferably carried out by DIP PEN™ nanolithographic printing, can be used to construct peptide and protein nanoarrays with nanometer-level dimensions. The peptide and protein nanoarrays, for example, exhibit almost no detectable nonspecific binding of proteins to their passivated portions. This work demonstrates how DIP PEN™ nanolithographic printing can be used in a method to generate high density protein and peptide patterns, which exhibit bioactivity and virtually no non-specific adsorption. It also shows that one can use AFM-based screening procedures to study the reactivity of the features that comprise such nanoarrays. The method encompasses a wide range of protein and peptide structures including, for example, enzymes and antibodies. Features at or below 300 nm can be achieved. In a preferred embodiment, parallel printing with multipen systems are used.