Abstract:
This disclosure relates to a "hybrid" fabric made from a textured multifilament yarn in combination with an untextured multifilament yarn. The portion of multifilament yams comprising this hybrid fabric are substantially without bulk or texture while the textured portion of multifilament yarns comprising the fabric have bulk. Such hybrid fabrics from this combination of yarns retain substantially similar abrasion resistance and tactility of a fabric made entirely of high tenacity air textured multifilament yarns. Nylon woven hybrid fabrics disclosed herein provide excellent properties especially for uses in apparel, rucksacks, softsided luggage, duffle bags, tenting and the like.
Abstract:
Lactams, in particular ε-caprolactam, are produced by the hydrolytic cyclization of aminonitriles, in particular 6-aminocapronitrile, in the vapor phase in a plurality of adiabatic fixed bed reaction zones arranged in succession wherein at least a portion of the heat of the exothermic reaction is removed between each of the successive reaction zones. Conducting the reaction in such a manner requires less capital for the reactor itself. It has also been found that the product exiting such a reaction system can be directly fed to a distillation unit without the need of additional cooling or storing.
Abstract:
Reheat characteristics of polyethylene and polypropylene resins, including reheating time and resin color, are improved by adding to the resin carbon black with a primary particle size in the range of 200 to 500 nm as an infrared absorber. Thermal carbon blacks having this primary particle size are preferred over Furnace carbon blacks. Injection stretch-blow molded bottles and other thermoformed products are made from resins with carbon black infrared absorber.
Abstract:
A method for reducing the concentration of cyclohexenone in a cyclohexenone-containing organic mixture is disclosed. The method includes contacting an organic mixture comprising cyclohexenone with an effective amount of at least one of sulfurous acid, a salt of sulfurous acid, an alkali hydroxide, or a mixture of two or more of these compounds.
Abstract:
A method for enhancing solid state polymerization of polyethylene terephthalate is disclosed in which at least one monomeric unit of diacid and/or dimethyl ester comprising at least one pendant chemical side group is copolymerized with a diol and a diacid or a dimethyl ester. The at least one pendant chemical side group may include groups chosen from tertiary butyl, hexyl, pentyl, butyl, propyl, ethyl, methyl, nitrosyl (NO 2 ) and sulfonyl (SO 2 ) groups.
Abstract:
Disclosed herein is a process for the manufacture of 2-(aminomethyl)-1-cyclopentylamine by low-pressure hydrogenation of 1-amino-2-cyano-1-cyclopentene using a combination catalyst system of nickel with palladium on carbon, or a single palladium-doped Raney-type catalyst.
Abstract:
A reactor for the oxidation of a precursor to an aromatic carboxylic acid or ester thereof in a liquid phase reaction mixture is disclosed. The reactor (1) comprises an elongate vessel, substantially vertical in use, having an upper mixing element (5) and a lower mixing element (3), characterised in that the upper mixing element (5) is an axial pumping impeller and the lower mixing element (3) is a radial pumping impeller. A process of producing a carboxylic acid or ester thereof in a reactor of the invention is also disclosed. In use, the configuration of mixing elements leads to three highly turbulent mixing zones. In a preferred embodiment of the process of the present invention oxidant, from one inlet, and solvent, precursor and catalyst, are introduced directly into a mixing zone. The highly turbulent mixing zones lead to rapid mass transfer suppressing the formation of unwanted, coloured by-products and reduced reactor fouling.
Abstract:
An electrically conductive elastic composite yarn comprises an elastic member that is surrounded by at least one conductive covering filament(s). The elastic member has a predetermined relaxed unit length L and a predetermined drafted length of (N x L), where N is a number preferably in the range from about 1.0 to about 8.0. The conductive covering filament has a length that is greater than the drafted length of the elastic member such that substantially all of an elongating stress imposed on the composite yarn is carried by the elastic member. The elastic composite yarn may further include an optional stress-bearing member surrounding the elastic member and the conductive covering filament. The length of the stress-bearing member is less than the length of the conductive covering filament and greater than, or equal to, the drafted length (N x L) of the elastic member, such that a portion of the elongating stress imposed on the composite yarn is carried by the stress-bearing member.
Abstract:
A method for unwinding tacky elastomeric yarn from one or multiple coiled yarn packages includes the steps of (a) removing tubular cores from each yarn package to expose the beginning end of the yarn strand at the inner diameter of the yarn package; (b) forming a terminal end of the yarn strand at a position along the length of the strand between the inner diameter and outer diameter of the yarn package; (c) when unwinding multiple coiled yarn packages, attaching the terminal end of the first yarn package to a beginning end of a next yarn package; and (d) unwinding by pulling the beginning end of the first yarn package in a generally axial direction to remove yarn from the inside of the package from the inner diameter toward the outer diameter. This method provides inside-out unwinding of a single package, or continuous unwinding of multiple packages of elastomeric yarn at a reduced overall yarn tension, and minimizes unwinding tension spikes.
Abstract:
A continuous method for producing composite elastic yarns at speeds up to 700 m/min by (a) stretching (drafting) an elastomeric yarn (e.g., spandex) by 2.0x (100%) to 10.5x (950%) while heating (max. heating temperature 220°C) in a single or double stage draft, (b) air-jet entangling with a relatively inelastic yarn component to create a composite elastic yarn, and then (c) in-line heat-treating (max. heating temperature 240°C) the composite elastic yarn. The initial draft stage(s) may also be carried out at ambient temperature. The resulting composite elastic yarn has improved stitch clarity, particularly suited for hosiery, and its properties can be tailored to provide fabric properties for knit and woven fabrics hitherto not possible with standard spandex yarns.