The invention relates to a preparation method for carbon microspheres with high specific surface area. The preparation method includes the following steps: a carbon material, an alkaline activator, a binder and a solvent are mixed and stirred to obtain slurry, or the alkaline activator, the binder and the solvent are mixed and stirred to obtain slurry; all the materials are granulated to obtain primary carbon microspheres; the primary carbon microspheres go through activation, pickling, washing and drying to obtain the carbon microspheres with the high specific surface area. The preparation method provided by the invention adopts low-value carbonaceous waste materials or amorphous carbonaceous raw powders to prepare the microsphere carbon material with the high specific surface area, so as to meet the use requirements of multiple fields; the preparation technique is simple, the operation is convenient, and large-scale production is facilitated; the prepared carbon microspheres with the high specific surface area have an excellent spherical structure, a high degree of sphericity and a controllable particle size, and barely contain metal impurities.