Abstract:
The invention relates to a method which is used to produce a uniform cross-flow of an electrolyte chamber of an electrolysis cell, whereby a maximum deviation from the central flow speed is less than 1 % - 25 % which is produced by suitable constructive measures. The invention also relates to an electrolysis cell (1) comprising at least two electrolyte chambers (2, 3), wherein at least one electrode (4,5) is arranged and which respectively comprises an inlet and outlet area. The cross-flow cross-section in the inlet and/or outlet area reduces in such a manner that the pressure is reduced again.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing a uniform flow through an electrolyte space of an electrolysis cell, in which a maximum deviation of less than 1% to 25% from the average flow rate is achieved by suitable design measures. The invention also relates to an electrolysis cell with at least two electrolyte spaces, in each of which at least one electrode is arranged and each of which has an inlet region and an outlet region, the flow cross section being reduced in the inlet and/or outlet region so as to produce an additional pressure reduction
Abstract:
Microreactors enabling mixing together of two or more gaseous and /or liquid phases comprise modular blocks which have feed channels (4, 6) for each component, connecting with multiple mixing chambers (3), and discharge channels (5, 7) for products. Different flow paths and numbers of mixing operations can be configured. The blocks may be formed from metal, glass or plastics materials.
Abstract:
A reactor for testing catalyst systems which has a plurality of catalyst tubes ( 2 ) which are arranged parallel to one another in the interior space of the reactor and whose ends are welded into tube plates and also has caps ( 3 ) at each end of the reactor which each bound a cap space ( 4 ), with a fluid reaction medium ( 5 ) being fed via one cap space ( 4 ) into the catalyst tubes ( 2 ), flowing through the catalyst tubes ( 2 ) and being discharged via the other cap space ( 4 ), and is also provided with a heat exchange medium circuit in which the heat exchange medium ( 6 ) is fed in at one end of the reactor, flows through the intermediate space between the catalyst tubes ( 2 ) and flows out at the other end of the reactor, wherein the catalyst tubes ( 2 ) are arranged in two or more catalyst tube regions ( 7 ) which are thermally separate from one another, is proposed.
Abstract:
A reactor for testing catalyst systems which has a plurality of catalyst tubes ( 2 ) which are arranged parallel to one another in the interior space of the reactor and whose ends are welded into tube plates and also has caps ( 3 ) at each end of the reactor which each bound a cap space ( 4 ), with a fluid reaction medium ( 5 ) being fed via one cap space ( 4 ) into the catalyst tubes ( 2 ), flowing through the catalyst tubes ( 2 ) and being discharged via the other cap space ( 4 ), and is also provided with a heat exchange medium circuit in which the heat exchange medium ( 6 ) is fed in at one end of the reactor, flows through the intermediate space between the catalyst tubes ( 2 ) and flows out at the other end of the reactor, wherein the catalyst tubes ( 2 ) are arranged in two or more catalyst tube regions ( 7 ) which are thermally separate from one another, is proposed.
Abstract:
A reactor for testing catalyst systems which has a plurality of catalyst tubes ( 2 ) which are arranged parallel to one another in the interior space of the reactor and whose ends are welded into tube plates and also has caps ( 3 ) at each end of the reactor which each bound a cap space ( 4 ), with a fluid reaction medium ( 5 ) being fed via one cap space ( 4 ) into the catalyst tubes ( 2 ), flowing through the catalyst tubes ( 2 ) and being discharged via the other cap space ( 4 ), and is also provided with a heat exchange medium circuit in which the heat exchange medium ( 6 ) is fed in at one end of the reactor, flows through the intermediate space between the catalyst tubes ( 2 ) and flows out at the other end of the reactor, wherein the catalyst tubes ( 2 ) are arranged in two or more catalyst tube regions ( 7 ) which are thermally separate from one another, is proposed.
Abstract:
A reactor for testing catalyst systems which has a plurality of catalyst tubes ( 2 ) which are arranged parallel to one another in the interior space of the reactor and whose ends are welded into tube plates and also has caps ( 3 ) at each end of the reactor which each bound a cap space ( 4 ), with a fluid reaction medium ( 5 ) being fed via one cap space ( 4 ) into the catalyst tubes ( 2 ), flowing through the catalyst tubes ( 2 ) and being discharged via the other cap space ( 4 ), and is also provided with a heat exchange medium circuit in which the heat exchange medium ( 6 ) is fed in at one end of the reactor, flows through the intermediate space between the catalyst tubes ( 2 ) and flows out at the other end of the reactor, wherein the catalyst tubes ( 2 ) are arranged in two or more catalyst tube regions ( 7 ) which are thermally separate from one another, is proposed.
Abstract:
A reactor (1) for preparing phosgene by gas-phase reaction of carbon monoxide and chlorine in the presence of a solid catalyst, which reactor has a bundle of parallel catalyst tubes (2) aligned in the longitudinal direction of the reactor whose ends are fixed in tube plates (3) and have a cap (4) at each end of the reactor (1), and has deflection plates (6) which are aligned perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the reactor in the intermediate space (5) between the catalyst tubes (2) and leave free passages (7) located alternately opposite one another on the interior wall of the reactor, and in which the catalyst tubes (2) are charged with the solid catalyst, the gaseous reaction mixture is passed from one end of the reactor via one cap (4) through the catalyst tubes (2) and is taken off from the opposite end of the reactor (1) via the second cap (4) and a liquid heat transfer medium is passed through the intermediate space (5) around the catalyst tubes (2), where the reactor (1) has no tubes in the region of the passages (7), is proposed.
Abstract:
Filler body is made partially from an open cell foam material. Independent claims are also included for the following: (1) Charge made from the filler body; and (2) Apparatus for carrying out thermal separating processes and/or chemical reactions.
Abstract:
A reactor (1) for preparing phosgene by gas-phase reaction of carbon monoxide and chlorine in the presence of a solid catalyst, which reactor has a bundle of parallel catalyst tubes (2) aligned in the longitudinal direction of the reactor whose ends are fixed in tube plates (3) and have a cap (4) at each end of the reactor (1), and has deflection plates (6) which are aligned perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the reactor in the intermediate space (5) between the catalyst tubes (2) and leave free passages (7) located alternately opposite one another on the interior wall of the reactor, and in which the catalyst tubes (2) are charged with the solid catalyst, the gaseous reaction mixture is passed from one end of the reactor via one cap (4) through the catalyst tubes (2) and is taken off from the opposite end of the reactor (1) via the second cap (4) and a liquid heat transfer medium is passed through the intermediate space (5) around the catalyst tubes (2), where the reactor (1) has no tubes in the region of the passages (7), is proposed.