Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an improving method as to an electrochemical production of metallic lithium high in energy efficiency. SOLUTION: By using a method consisting of a stage (I) in which lithium amalgam is produced from and aq. soln. of at least one kind of lithium salt and a stage (II) in which, using an anode contg. lithium amalgam, a solid electrolyte having lithium ion conductivity and a cathode of fused lithium, electrolysis is executed while the driving state of lithium amalgam as the anode is maintained, starting from the aq. soln. of at least one kind of lithium salt, metallic lithium is produced.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To reduce the energy consumption in the manufacture by maintaining the dynamic condition of an alkali metal amalgam forming an anode. SOLUTION: A liquid anode preferably maintains its dynamic condition by the stirring under the atmospheric pressure or the pressure slightly higher than the atmospheric pressure, or the circulation by a pump, or the combination thereof. An anode area and a cathode area are separated from each other by a solid electrolyte which is an alkali metal ion conductor through which helium is impermeable. For example, appropriate solid electrolytes in manufacturing sodium include sodium β"-alumina, and sodium p-alumina. The manufacturing temperature is preferably 310-400 deg.C for sodium, and 260-400 deg.C for potassium. The current density during the manufacture is generally >=250 A/m2, but preferably 0.5-10 kA/m2 for sodium, and 0.3-3 kA/m2 for potassium.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To energically preferably produce sodium and potassium. SOLUTION: This electrolytic cell being a stirred state comprises an alkali metal amalgam-contg. anode, a solid electrolyte having alkali metal ion conductivity and a cathode. The solid electrolyte and the cathode are mutually divided through an electrolytic soln. As the electyrolyte, dissolved NaOH, NaNH2 or a mixture thereof, or dissolved KOH, KNH2 or a mixture of is used, and the solid electrolyte can be selected from the group consisting of sodium β-alumina, sodium β"-alumina and β/β"-alumina or the group consisting of potassium β-alumina, potassium β" and potassium β/β"-alumina.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing a porous metal-organic framework material which contains at least two organic compounds which are co-ordinatively connected to at least one metal ion. The invention also relates to porous metal-organic framework materials which are produced according to said method, in addition to the use thereof, in particular, for storing and separating gas.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a process for preparing a porous metal organic framework comprising at least two organic compounds coordinated to at least one metal ion, which comprises the steps (a) oxidation of at least one anode containing metal corresponding to the at least one metal ion in a reaction medium in the presence of at least a first organic compound, where the first organic compound is an optionally substituted monocyclic, bicyclic or polycyclic saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbon in which at least two ring carbons are replaced by heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of N, O and S, to form a reaction intermediate containing at least one metal ion and the first organic compound; and (b) reaction of the reaction intermediate at a prescribed temperature with an at least second organic compound which coordinates to the at least one metal ion, where the second organic compound is derived from a dicarboxylic, tricarboxylic or tetracarboxylic acid.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing hydroxy-substituted biarylene by the electrolytic oxidative electrodimerisation of a corresponding hydroxy-substituted aromatic, with the aid of an anodic surface containing a doped diamond layer.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method which is used to produce a uniform cross-flow of an electrolyte chamber of an electrolysis cell, whereby a maximum deviation from the central flow speed is less than 1 % - 25 % which is produced by suitable constructive measures. The invention also relates to an electrolysis cell (1) comprising at least two electrolyte chambers (2, 3), wherein at least one electrode (4,5) is arranged and which respectively comprises an inlet and outlet area. The cross-flow cross-section in the inlet and/or outlet area reduces in such a manner that the pressure is reduced again.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for the electrolytic oxidative alkoxylating cleavage of 1,2-diarylethane derivatives by electrolytically oxidizing the respective 1,2-diarylethane derivative in a solvent containing the alcohol required for alkoxylation, electrolytic oxidation being performed on a diamond electrode. The inventive method makes it possible to especially produce diaryl derivatives when a 1,2-diarylethane derivative in which the two aryl radicals are directly bonded to each other is used as a substrate.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing biarylalcohols by means of the electrodimerisation of arylalcohols, said method comprising the following steps: a) an aryloxy compound of the alcohol to be coupled is produced with an element from the group B and Al; b) the aryloxy compounds obtained in a) are electrolytically oxidised and coupled to form the corresponding biaryl derivatives; and c) the desired biaryl alcohols are released. The inventive method enables the dimerisation of arylalcohols with a high degree of selectivity in order to obtain an ortho product.
Abstract:
A method for producing alcoxylated carbonyl compounds of general formula (I) (compounds I): R aR C(OR )b wherein R , R represent hydrogen or C1- C6-alkyl, R independently means C1- C6-alkyl, a is 0 or 1, b 2 or 3 with the proviso that the sum of a and b is 3, by means of anodic oxidation of germinal dialcoxy compounds of general formula (II) (compounds II) wherein R , R , R , R represent hydrogen or C1- C6-alkyl, R , R represent C1- C6-alkyl or C1- C6-alcoxy, in the presence of a C1-C6-alkyl alcohol (compounds III).A usual compound (compound IV) is used as a cathodic depolarizer suitable for electrochemical oxidation. The anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction is carried out in an undivided electrolyte cell in the presence of C1-C6-alkyl alcohols.