Abstract:
A material system and method for imparting non-stick and non-wetting properties to an inorganic article having hydroxyl groups on its surface, the system comprising a silane having the formula RnSiX4-n, wherein n is 1-2 and X is a hydrolyzable group, a metal alkoxide having at least three hydrolyzable branches and a formula R MX3 or MX4, wherein M is a metal and X is a hydrolyzable branch, and an acidified aqueous mixture with a lower alkanol.
Abstract:
A glass consisting essentially of antimony oxide. An optically active glass consisting essentially of antimony oxide and up to about 4 mole % of an oxide of a rare earth element. A rare earth-doped, antimony oxide-containing glass including 0-99 mole % SiO2, 0-99 mole % GeO2, 0-75 mole % (Al, Ga)2O3, 0.5-99 mole % Sb2O3, and up to about 4 mole % of an oxide of a rare earth element. The oxide of the rare earth element may comprise Er2O3. The glass of the invention further includes fluorine, expressed as a metal fluoride. An optical energy-producing or light-amplifying device, in particular, an optical amplifier, comprising the above-described glass. The optical amplifier can be either a fiber amplifier or a planar amplifier, either of which may have a hybrid composition. Embodiments of the glass of the invention can be formed by conventional glass making techniques, while some of the high content antimony oxide embodiments are formed by splat or roller quenching.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a family of erbium-doped fluorophosphate glasses for use in optical signal amplification. The composition, based on 100 parts by weight, is constituted by: P2O5 15-40, A12O3 0-5, MgO 0-9, CaO 0-9, SrO 0-9, BaO 0-45, AlF3 5-25, MgF2 0-10, CaF2 0-25, SrF2 0-25, BaF2 0-20, KHF2 0-2, K2TiF6 0-2, with up to 10 parts by weight of erbium oxide. The glasses according to the present invention exhibit a high gain and a very flat spectrum over the 1550 nm bandwidth, as compared to the glasses of the figure. These glass compositions are particularly well suited for use in fiber or planar optical amplification in WDM and similar applications.
Abstract:
A glass consisting essentially of antimony oxide. An optically active glass consisting essentially of antimony oxide and up to about 4 mole % of an oxide of a rare earth element. A rare earth-doped, antimony oxide-containing glass including 0-99 mole % SiO2, 0-99 mole % GeO2, 0-75 mole % (Al, Ga)2O3, 0.5-99 mole % Sb2O3, and up to about 4 mole % of an oxide of a rare earth element. The oxide of the rare earth element may comprise Er2O3. The glass of the invention further includes fluorine, expressed as a metal fluoride. An optical energy-producing or light-amplifying device, in particular, an optical amplifier, comprising the above-described glass. The optical amplifier can be either a fiber amplifier or a planar amplifier, either of which may have a hybrid composition. Embodiments of the glass of the invention can be formed by conventional glass making techniques, while some of the high content antimony oxide embodiments are formed by splat or roller quenching.
Abstract:
There is proposed an optical amplifier apparatus particularly for use in networks distributing signals by optical fibers, comprising first and second parallel optical branches (1, 2), the first optical branch (1) including optical amplifier means (5, 6) for amplifying digital signals and the second optical branch including optical amplifier means (7) for amplifying analogue signals, the optical amplifier means (5, 6) of the first optical path (1) being adapted to amplify bi-directional digital signals and the optical amplifier means (7) of the second optical branch (2) being adapted to amplify unidirectional analogue signals.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a family of erbium-doped fluorophosphate glasses for use in optical signal amplification. The composition, based on 100 parts by weight, is constituted by: P2O5 15-40, A12O3 0-5, MgO 0-9, CaO 0-9, SrO 0-9, BaO 0-45, AlF3 5-25, MgF2 0-10, CaF2 0-25, SrF2 0-25, BaF2 0-20, KHF2 0-2, K2TiF6 0-2, with up to 10 parts by weight of erbium oxide. The glasses according to the present invention exhibit a high gain and a very flat spectrum over the 1550 nm bandwidth, as compared to the glasses of the figure. These glass compositions are particularly well suited for use in fiber or planar optical amplification in WDM and similar applications.