公开(公告)号：US3625591A

公开(公告)日：1971-12-07

申请号：US3625591D

申请日：1969-11-10

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： FREISER MARVIN J ,  HALLER IVAN

IPC: G02F1/137 ,  G02F1/26

CPC classification number: G02F1/1375 ,  Y10T428/10

Abstract: An electro-optical display device employing a cell comprising a nematic liquid between two glass plates whose inner surfaces have been coated with transparent electrodes. Such coated electrodes are rubbed with a cloth or filter paper so that the liquid crystal film becomes oriented along the direction of rubbing. Such film will be homogeneous and strongly birefringent so that when an electric field is applied to the electrodes of the cell and the latter is viewed between crossed polarizers, a marked contrast in light between the quiescent and active states, respectively, of the cell is observed, even in the presence of ambient illumination of the cell.

公开(公告)号：US3535137A

公开(公告)日：1970-10-20

申请号：US3535137D

申请日：1967-01-13

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： HALLER IVAN ,  HATZAKIS MICHAEL ,  SRINIVASAN RANGASWAMY

IPC: G03F7/039 ,  H01L21/00 ,  H01L23/29 ,  B44D1/50

CPC classification number: H01L21/00 ,  G03F7/039 ,  H01L23/293 ,  H01L2924/0002 ,  H01L2924/00

公开(公告)号：US3656834A

公开(公告)日：1972-04-18

申请号：US3656834D

申请日：1970-12-09

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： HALLER IVAN ,  HUGGINS HAROLD A

IPC: C09K19/56 ,  G02F1/1337 ,  G02F1/137 ,  G02F1/16

CPC classification number: C09K19/56 ,  G02F1/133703 ,  G02F1/1375

Abstract: A nematic liquid crystal material which assumes a homeotropic texture is provided by dissolving an additive material having the formula RR3''N X wherein R is an alkyl radical having 10 to 24 carbon atoms, R'' is a methyl or ethyl radical, and X is an anion derived from a simple acid, in a nematic material. A typical example of the additive is hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide. The homeotropic texture provided by this composition, when placed between two conducting transparent plates, is readily deformed by a voltage applied to the plates and can thereby be utilized to control the transmission of light.

Abstract translation: 通过溶解具有式RR3'N + X的其中R是具有10-24个碳原子的烷基的添加剂材料，R'是甲基或乙基，提供具有垂直组织的向列型液晶材料 自由基，X - 是由向列型材料中的简单酸衍生的阴离子。 添加剂的典型实例是十六烷基三甲基溴化铵。 当通过这种组合物提供的，由两种导电透明板之间提供的垂直纹理容易因施加在该板上的电压而变形，从而可用于控制光的透射。

公开(公告)号：US4379180A

公开(公告)日：1983-04-05

申请号：US9129979

申请日：1979-11-05

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： BAGLIN JOHN E E ,  FEDER RALPH ,  HALLER IVAN ,  HAMMER WILLIAM N ,  SPILLER EBERHARD

IPC: B29C35/08 ,  B29C59/16 ,  G02B1/11 ,  G02B1/12 ,  G02B5/22 ,  B44C1/22 ,  B29C17/08 ,  C03C15/00 ,  C03C25/06

CPC classification number: G02B1/11 ,  B29C59/16 ,  B29C2035/0872 ,  B29K2067/00 ,  B29K2069/00 ,  B29K2995/0024 ,  G02B1/12 ,  G02B5/22

Abstract: The present invention sets forth a treatment for surfaces which produces anti-glare surfaces. The surfaces to be treated are exposed to a flux of ions which introduce ion tracks into the surfaces. The ion exposed surfaces are then contacted with an etchant which attacks the ion tracks and develops an array of protuberances on these surfaces. These protuberances decrease the intensity of the reflected light, thereby decreasing glare and increasing the transmission of transparent materials and increasing the absorption of non transparent materials.

Abstract translation: 本发明提出了产生抗眩光表面的表面的处理。 待处理的表面暴露于将离子轨迹引入表面的离子流。 然后将离子暴露的表面与蚀刻剂接触，蚀刻剂会攻击离子轨迹并在这些表面上形成突起阵列。 这些突起降低了反射光的强度，从而减少了眩光，增加了透明材料的透过性，增加了非透明材料的吸收。

公开(公告)号：DE3064964D1

公开(公告)日：1983-10-27

申请号：DE3064964

申请日：1980-10-23

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： BAGLIN JOHN EDWARD ERIC ,  FEDER RALPH ,  HALLER IVAN ,  HAMMER WILLIAM NOEL ,  SPILLER EBERHARD

IPC: B29C35/08 ,  B29C59/16 ,  G02B1/11 ,  G02B1/12 ,  G02B5/22 ,  G02B5/26

Abstract: The present invention sets forth a treatment for surfaces which produces anti-glare surfaces. The surfaces to be treated are exposed to a flux of ions which introduce ion tracks into the surfaces. The ion exposed surfaces are then contacted with an etchant which attacks the ion tracks and develops an array of protuberances on these surfaces. These protuberances decrease the intensity of the reflected light, thereby decreasing glare and increasing the transmission of transparent materials and increasing the absorption of non transparent materials.

公开(公告)号：CA893067A

公开(公告)日：1972-02-15

申请号：CA893067D

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： HALLER IVAN ,  HATZAKIS MICHAEL ,  SRINIVASAN RANGASWAMY

IPC: G03F7/039 ,  H01L21/00 ,  H01L23/29

公开(公告)号：DE1696489A1

公开(公告)日：1971-04-01

申请号：DEJ0035428

申请日：1968-01-05

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： HALLER IVAN ,  HATZAKIS MICHAEL ,  SRINIVASAN RANGASWAMY

IPC: G03F7/039 ,  H01L21/00 ,  H01L23/29 ,  G03C1/68

公开(公告)号：FR2316633A1

公开(公告)日：1977-01-28

申请号：FR7611977

申请日：1976-04-16

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： FEDER RALPH ,  HALLER IVAN ,  HATZAKIS MICHAEL ,  ROMANKIW LUBOMYR T ,  SPILLER EBERHARD A

IPC: G03F7/20 ,  G03F7/039 ,  G03F7/32 ,  G03F7/38 ,  H01L21/027 ,  G03F1/00 ,  G03C1/68 ,  G03C5/30

Abstract: A positive resist image is produced by exposing, to radiation in a predetermined pattern, a polymeric material containing polymerized alkyl methacrylate units and polymerized monoethylenically unsaturated acid units. The exposed and unexposed areas are distinguished by their different respective abilities to be swelled in an appropriate swelling agent, and the swelled areas are removed by dispersal in a nonsolvent liquid.

公开(公告)号：DE2628467A1

公开(公告)日：1977-01-27

申请号：DE2628467

申请日：1976-06-25

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： FEDER RALPH ,  HALLER IVAN ,  HATZAKIS MICHAEL ,  ROMANKIW LUBOMYR T ,  SPILLER EBERHARD A

IPC: G03F7/20 ,  G03F7/039 ,  G03F7/32 ,  G03F7/38 ,  H01L21/027 ,  G03C1/68

Abstract: A positive resist image is produced by exposing, to radiation in a predetermined pattern, a polymeric material containing polymerized alkyl methacrylate units and polymerized monoethylenically unsaturated acid units. The exposed and unexposed areas are distinguished by their different respective abilities to be swelled in an appropriate swelling agent, and the swelled areas are removed by dispersal in a nonsolvent liquid.

公开(公告)号：DE2338281A1

公开(公告)日：1974-02-21

申请号：DE2338281

申请日：1973-07-27

Applicant: IBM

Inventor： MILLER ROBERT D ,  YOUNG WILLIAM R ,  AVIRAM ARIEH ,  HALLER IVAN

IPC: C07D323/00 ,  C07F9/11 ,  C09K19/58 ,  G02F1/137 ,  B01D9/00

Abstract: 1395678 Liquid crystal compositions INTERNATIONAL BUSINESS MACHINES CORP 4 July 1973 [3 Aug 1972] 31854/73 Heading C4X [Also in Division C2] To a nematic liquid crystal material is added an organic dopant which provides ions in which the charge is effectively distributed over several atoms and is shielded from the charge of the counterions by a non-poar shell, whereby the resistivity of the nematic material is reduced, and as described in relation to dynamic scattering materials, the threshold voltage is reduced and the cut-off frequency raised. In some cases the undoped material does not exhibit dynamic scattering. The dopant, preferably forming 0À01 to 5% by weight of the composition, may contain large organic ions, or be a precursor thereof, or may be a compound containing chelated alkali metal ions. In the latter class the chelating agent may be dicyclohexyl-18-crown- 6 ether such being reacted with any one of a number of alkali metal salts of organic anions, or the dibenzo-18-crown-6 ether analogues. The former class appears to consist of generally unrelated materials, e.g. hexaphenylethane; tetrabutylammonium tetraphenylforide; and quinhydrone. The dopant may also be tributylphosphine oxide lithium bromide or triphenylphosphine oxide lithium bromide.