Abstract:
A continuous reaction is effected in a gas stream by an electric discharge at a point in the stream where the flow has been made supersonic and the pressure and temperature lowered by a substantially adiabatic expansion. Various forms of apparatus for carrying out such a process are described. The apparatus may be used for the production of ozone which is used to convert ethylene and tetramethyl-ethylene fed into the apparatus into the corresponding ozonides. On leaving the apparatus the ozonides are converted in the presence of water into formaldehyde and acetone respectively.ALSO:A continuous reaction is effected in a gas stream by an electric discharge at a point in the stream where the flow has been made supersonic and the pressure and temperature lowered by a substantially adiabatic expansion. One form of apparatus, Fig. 1, comprises a supersonic nozzle 1, a pressure reducing chamber 17 for starting the action of the nozzle and a recompression chamber 13. Gas from an inlet pipe 6 passes along a cylindrical chamber 5 to a convergent part 2 of the nozzle 1 and then expands in a divergent part 4. A hollow electrode 8 supported by insulators 9 and 10 in the chamber 5 produces a discharge at the outlet 7 of the nozzle 1. The recompression chamber 13 comprises a convergent part 14, a cylindrical part 15 and a divergent part 16. This apparatus may be used for the production of acetylene and hydrogen from methane gas, or for the cracking of other hydrocarbons. An alternative form of apparatus is described in which the electrode 8 is extended to the part 16 of the chamber 13 and is closed at the end, but is provided with side vents for the injection of methane into the part 15 of the chamber 13. Two discharges are set up, the first at the end of the nozzle 1 for producing ozone, and the second in the chamber 13 for partially oxidizing the methane.
Abstract:
In an ozone generating system which performs intermittent operation, that is, an operation in an ozone generating operation period in which ozone is generated by discharging gas including oxygen at a discharge electrode part and an operation in an ozone generating operation standby period in which ozone is not generated by stopping discharge are alternately repeated, a gas circulating device which circulates gas in the ozone generating apparatus and removes at least nitric acid from the gas which is circulated is connected to the ozone generating apparatus.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to an ozone generator comprised of a discharge means and a reflecting screen. The discharge means comprises a rough-surfaced dielectric element with central aperture and rectangular cross section sandwiched between a first electrode (32) and a second electrode (36). The first electrode is comprised of a plurality of helical windings that contact a plurality of flanges (30) on the dielectric element and the second electrode is comprised of an electrically conductive coating which overlies the rough surface of the dielectric element. The first electrode is aligned with respect to a central aperture, dielectric element, and the second electrode such that a constant distance of separation between the electrodes is maintained along the entire length of the discharge means. The reflecting screen, joined to the discharge means by a plurality of mounting brackets, directs accumulated ozone away from the ozone generator and toward an intended site for treatment. The disclosed invention converts oxygen to ozone with great efficiency and, unexpectedly, the fusion of the second electrode with the surface of the dielectric element provides improved ozone recovery by rapidly dissipating heat generated by the discharge means.
Abstract:
A frame-type ozone generator (242) has a plurality of elongated electrodes (201, 202) deployed in substantially parallel, spaced relation to each other so as to form a substantially flat electrode array, and a flow generator (241) for generating a flow of oxygen containing gas through the electrode array in a direction substantially perpendicular to the electrode array. Each of the electrodes is formed from an electrically conductive core (211) covered with polyvinyl-difluoride (212). Preferably, each electrode array is arranged within a frame (206) of a given area. Also disclosed are an apparatus for treating a product with ozone-containing gas in which pressure-waves are used to enhance effectiveness of the ozone treatment, and a two-chamber batch method for implementing treatment of a product with possibly harmful gases such as ozone.
Abstract:
An ozone generator comprising a body (2) having a chamber (4), an inlet (6) and an outlet (8) to enable gas to flow through the body via the chamber, a primary electrode (10) mounted within the chamber and a discharge electrode (14) having one or more edge (16) with a small radius of curvature, said discharge electrode (14) being positioned adjacent and spaced from the primary electrode (10), characterised in that the discharge electrode (14) is moveable to vary the position of electric discharge through the gas.