Abstract:
A method for driving a BLDC motor comprising at least three stator windings, comprising: a) determining a time period, and energizing during the time period two of the windings and leaving a third winding un-energized, based on a first motor state; b) measuring a first voltage representative for the back-EMF generated in the un-energized winding shortly before expiry of the time period; c) applying a commutation at expiry of the current time period; d) measuring a second voltage shortly after the commutation, and calculating a subsequent time period; e) repeating steps b) and c). An electrical circuit and a controller are provided for performing these methods.
Abstract:
A system comprising a motor controller for providing a plurality of first power signals and a single common second power signal to a motor module comprising a plurality of potentiometers connectable to a plurality of DC-motors. The power signals and feedback signals are sent over a wire interface having less than three wires per motor. A position feedback signal is read when a motor is being powered. The power signals may be DC-signals, pulsed or tri-state signals. The circuit may have a voltage divider consisting of two or three resistors. The actual motor position can be derived from the position feedback signals using one of two formulas or curves. A motor controller, and a method for driving a plurality of DC-motors is also disclosed.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for determining isotropic stress by means of a Hall element which has a plate-shaped area made of a doped semiconductor material and comprises four contacts contacting the plate-shaped area. The contacts form corners of a quadrangle, two neighbouring corners of the quadrangle defining an edge thereof. The method comprises determining at least one van der Pauw transresistance value in at least one van der Pauw measurement set-up of the Hall element, wherein the four contacts of the Hall element form contact pairs, a contact pair comprising two contacts which are neighbouring corners of the quadrangle. In this set-up, one contact pair is used for supplying a current and the other contact pair is used for measuring a voltage. A relationship between the supplied current and the measured voltage defines the Van der Pauw transresistance value. The method furthermore comprises determining a stress signal which depends at least on the at least one Van der Pauw transresistance value, and determining the isotropic stress by comparing the determined stress signal with a predetermined reference stress signal which is temperature-dependent.
Abstract:
A method and an apparatus for temperature compensation are described. The method includes receiving a target color point for light emitted by at least one light-emitting device, determining an operating electrical energy of the at least one light-emitting device based on a correlation of at least one temperature value of the at least one light-emitting device with the received target-color point and operating the at least one light-emitting device based on the determined operating electrical energy.
Abstract:
A system for characterizing a transistor circuit which has a local minimum in its transfer characteristic by finding its local minimum. The system comprises: a bias voltage generator for generating a toggling signal; a multiplier configured for multiplying an electrical signal which is a function of the drain source current of the transistor circuit, with a waveform alternating between two predefined values synchronously with the toggling signal; a first integrator configured for integrating the electrical signal from the multiplier, and wherein if more integrators are present, linear combinations of output signals of the integrators are provided to the further integrators; a summator configured for summing the toggling signal and an integration signal and configured for outputting the sum to the gate of the transistor circuit.
Abstract:
A method of operating a plurality of driving units for powering electronic units is described. The method includes interchanging a data frame including a bit sequence, between a master control unit and at least one of a plurality of driving units at slave nodes. The method includes applying an ID field for addressing at least one driving unit, and applying a data field comprising information and/or instructions regarding the status of the electronic units. Applying the ID field comprises indicating the driving unit address using a first bit sub-string comprising N bits, allowing the master control unit to identify whether data should be received or transmitted, performing a data length decoding step, and adding a further bit string to the data field including information for carrying out an action by the driving unit.
Abstract:
A semiconductor pressure sensor comprising a membrane, delineated by an edge, and a group of neighboring piezo resistors: a first pair of piezo resistors near the edge of the membrane (a first piezo resistor RTmemb, a second piezo resistor RLmemb); a second pair of piezo resistors (a third piezo resistor RTref, a fourth piezo resistor RLref) at a position where applied pressure causes reduced surface stress compared to surface stress at the position of the first and the second piezo resistor. A signal from the first piezo resistor and a signal from the second piezo resistor, corrected with a signal from the third piezo resistor and a signal from the fourth piezo resistor, are used as a measure of a pressure on the membrane.
Abstract:
A system for characterizing a transistor circuit which has a local minimum in its transfer characteristic by finding its local minimum. The system comprises: a bias voltage generator for generating a toggling signal; a multiplier configured for multiplying an electrical signal which is a function of the drain source current of the transistor circuit, with a waveform alternating between two predefined values synchronously with the toggling signal; a first integrator configured for integrating the electrical signal from the multiplier, and wherein if more integrators are present, linear combinations of output signals of the integrators are provided to the further integrators; a summator configured for summing the toggling signal and an integration signal and configured for outputting the sum to the gate of the transistor circuit.
Abstract:
A method for autoconfiguration of a plurality of nodes in a linear network allows extracting the address and position of each node. The nodes are identified by a unique identifier. The method comprises choosing a node in a network and extracting its identifier, and for the first node to the last but one node, transmitting a current in the network from the chosen node, and reading the direction of the current flowing through at least the nodes not chosen in previous iteration cycles. The identifier is linked with the direction of the current for said not chosen nodes, obtaining the position of said not chosen nodes relative to the chosen node. These steps are repeated by choosing a different node not chosen before. Autoconfiguration is finished when the identifier of each node is extracted, and the physical position of each node is determined.
Abstract:
A trench capacitor includes a plurality of unit trench capacitors arranged in a 2D repetitive pattern in a substrate. The unit trench capacitors are separated by elongated trenches or elongated walls between the unit trench capacitors. The trench capacitor includes a plurality of stress compensation elements. Each unit trench capacitor has one or more closed trenches, with each trench further having a bottom electrode, a top electrode, and a dielectric between the bottom electrode and the top electrode. The unit trench capacitors are connected in parallel and the stress compensation elements are arranged between the unit trench capacitors such that they interrupt the elongated walls or trenches.