Abstract:
Method for the preparation of ultrapure active metal fluorides of increased purity from their metal oxides by reacting an active metal with a predetermined amount of HF(aq) to form a solid reaction product which is dried under controlled heating to form a hydrated fluoride. This hydrated active metal fluoride is then subjected to reactive atmosphere processing comprising hydrofluoric acid vapor in a CO2 reactive carrier gas and a selected halide compound in the gas phase for a predetermined period of time to further increase anion purity.
Abstract:
Method for the preparation of ultrapure active metal fluorides of increased purity from their metal oxides by reacting an active metal with a predetermined amount of HF(aq) to form a solid reaction product which is dried under controlled heating to form a hydrated fluoride. This hydrated active metal fluoride is then subjected to reactive atmosphere processing comprising hydrofluoric acid vapor in a CO2 reactive carrier gas and a selected fluoride compound in the gas phase for a predetermined period of time to further increase anion purity.
Abstract:
Soldering apparatus and method wherein an assembly (10) containing solder (16) is simultaneously subjected to vapor heating and ultrasonic vibration to provide for fluxless soldering. The solder (16) is heated in a solder pot (14) which creates a hot vapor space (38) above the surface of the solder (16). A transducer (22) vibrates the solder (16) in the pot (14) while the circuit board to be soldered floats on the surface of the solder (16). This invention is particularly useful for circuit board assemblies which are sensitive to cleansing in preparation for soldering and solder fluxes.
Abstract:
A method for fabricating supported fine line electrical conductors comprises the steps of forming a pattern (16) which defines a configuration (18) of the desired conductors on a surface (12), placing electrically conductive material on the surface in a configuration defined by the pattern to form electrical conductors (20), removing only the pattern from the surface and thus leaving the configured electrical conductors thereon, adhering a support (22) to the electrical conductors with an adherence which is greater than that existing between the conductors and the surface, and separating the assembled conductors and support from the surface. One of the surface and of the support and assembled conductors is flexible and the other is relatively rigid, so that the flexible one can be peeled away from the rigid other.
Abstract:
A holographic recording medium is treated to reduce or eliminate unwanted extraneous diffraction and flare. Regions adjacent surfaces of the medium are desensitized to reduce contrast in the holographic fringe pattern along the surfaces, thereby eliminating planar phase grating effects. Treatments include applying a burst of gas or vapor to the surfaces of the medium, irradiating the surfaces with highly absorbed incoherent light, thermally treating the medium as it is built up from sequentially applied layers, building up layers of different concentrations of light-sensitive material, and developing diffusion regions at interfaces of layers within the holographic recording medium.
Abstract:
An electromagnetic energy interference seal arrangement for use in light beam touch panel systems. The electromagnetic energy interference seal includes the use of waveguides (40) associated with the light beam sources (34) and detectors (36) to improve light beam touch panel performance. The waveguide size is selected so that it operates as a waveguide above cutoff frequency for the light beams (32) but operates as a waveguide below cutoff frequency for blocking electromagnetic energy interference. The waveguides (40) improve the light beam signal to noise ration since they shade the detectors (36) from reflections and from extraneous light such as from overhead room lighting. Bonding of part of the electromagnetic energy interference seal is effected by an electrically conductive compound which enables nondestructive disassembly when required. Environmental sealing strips (42, 43) are provided to cover the waveguide apertures to protect against dust, liquids and other environmental contaminants.
Abstract:
A two-hop communications system utilizing two collocated spacecraft (Se and Sw) and two remote intersatellite exchange (RISE) means (Re and Rw) provides for communications between ground stations located in two or more defined subregions. Each satellite includes wide band transponders for relaying ground station transmissions to the RISEs. The RISEs convert first hop frequency division multiplexed (FDM) signals to time division multiplexed (TDM) for the second hop. Signals are coded by frequency, polarization and direction so as to avoid loss of bandwidth due to the two-hop approach.
Abstract:
An optical waveguide is established near the surface of a body of bulk, optically transparent, crystalline material (12) by depositing and bonding a thin layer of material (16) that undergoes an irreversible structural transition under annealing such as silicon nitride or silicon oxide on a surface of the bulk crystalline material (12). The assembly is then heated to change the state of the thin layer and produce stress on the order of 1010 to 1011 dynes per square centimeter or more. Open guideways or breaks (22, 24) are then formed in the thin layer (16), thereby establishing optical stress waveguides (32, 34) in the bulk crystalline material (12), just under the open guideways. The bulk crystalline material is then employed for modulation, detection or in other interactive processes with respect to optical signals applied to the waveguide.
Abstract:
A packet switching node (20) which processes data packets containing routing tag signals indicative of the output port destination thereof and which routes these data packets to the specified output ports. A plurality of queue selectors (22) are individually coupled between a plurality of input ports (21) and a plurality of queue sets (23) that comprise a plurality of queues which store and forward data packets applied thereto as a function of output port destination. Each of the plurality of queue selectors (22) sort the data packets applied thereto in accordance with the output port destination thereof. The queues of each queue sets (23) are coupled to different output arbitrators (24) which control routing to a particular output port (25). The packet switching node (20) eliminates the problem of contention between data packets arriving at an input port of the node whose destinations are different output ports. The packet switching node sorts applied data packets according to output port destination to reduce contention and hence has improved performance and higher throughput. The present invention also contemplates a method of processing applied data packets containing routing tag signals indicative of the output port destinations to which the data packets are to be applied. The method comprises sorting and storing the data packets in accordance with the routing tag signals, arbitrating among data packets that have been stored that contend for the same output port, and then routing the selected data packet to the output port identified in the routing tag signal.
Abstract:
A system for surveying features of a planet includes a novel attitude determination subsystem. A satellite includes an earth imaging sensor (106). The sensor is alternately directed at the earth and a predetermined star field. The optical detections are converted to electronic signals by a sensor electronics module (332). The outputs of the sensor electronics module corresponding to the times when the sensor is directed toward earth are processed by a signal processor (336), the output of which is a data stream which permits image reconstruction by a ground station computer. The outputs of the sensor electronics module corresponding to the times when the sensor is directed toward the star field are directed through onboard star detection thresholding electronics. A programmable threshold device (342) selects detections of target stars within the star field. A star data buffer (344) stores these target star detections for transmission to earth at a convenient time. This data stored by the buffer is compact star attitude determination data required for accurate gridding of the earth image data transmitted from the signal processor. In an alternative embodiment, an earth imaging sensor is occasionally pointed at a limited portion of the star field, such special motion being controlled from the satellite. In both embodiments, compression of star field data is accomplished by means located onboard the satellite. The compressed star field data is subsequently used to accurately determine sensor attitude.