Abstract:
An air data sensor comprises a shaft probe (15) having a sharp edge orifice pitot port (24), and a tapered leading end (21) which blends into the main barrel portion (20) of the probe (15) a short distance downstream from the pitot port (24). Sets of sensing ports (31, 32, 33, 34) are utilized and at least one pair of ports (31, 32) or (33, 34) is oriented on a common axis and facing in opposite directions. By using the pressures sensed in more than one combination of ports, that is by co-using the pressure signals, static pressure, impact pressure, angle of attack and angle of sideslip can be derived. The ports (31, 32, 33, 34) are positioned on the tapered forward section (21), rearwardly of the pitot port (24) before the full size of the barrel (20) is reached, and are positioned very close to the leading end (24) for reliable readings at high angles of attack.
Abstract:
An ice detector circuit (10) for sensing an ice deposition on a sensing surface (14) of an ice detector probe (12) from an air mass flowing relative to the probe (12). The probe (12) includes a heater (16) to heat the sensing surface (14) and a temperature sensor (18) for sensing the sensing surface temperature during heating. The temperature sensor (18) provides the circuit (10) with an output having a level varying as a function of the sensing surface temperature. The circuit (10) includes a controller (24) which selectively energizes the heater (16), a timer (26) which provides a timing output representative of a time interval elapsed between selected temperature sensor output levels, and computing means (28), such as a microprocessor, which computes an output representative of ice deposition as a function of a predetermined relationship between ice deposition and the timing output.
Abstract:
An ice detector probe (10) senses an ice deposition from an air mass flowing relative to the probe (10). The probe (10) includes a support (12) for installation of the probe (10) to receive the airflow and an element (30) formed on a substrate having a sensing surface (32) which directly receives the airflow. The element (30) heats the sensing surface (32) to melt an ice deposition formed thereon. The element (30) also senses the sensing surface temperature during heating and provides an output representative of such temperature.
Abstract:
The optical displacement sensor (10) modulates intensity of the light beam as a function of the physical displacement. The sensor includes a reflector (24) positioned in a path of the light beam between a light source (12) and a light detector (14). The reflector (24) has a non-reflective portion (28) surrounded by a reflective portion (26). Relative movement (displacement) of the beam and the reflector occurs as a function of a parameter which is being sensed. In a normal (no displacement) condition, the non-reflective portion (28) can be positioned with respect to the light beam so that intensity of the light beam received by the detector (14) is at a minimum, and the sensor (14) is operating in a darkfield mode. Displacement from the normal position causes an increase in the light intensity received by the detector (14).
Abstract:
A current-to-pressure (I/P) converter (20) provides an output pressure as a function of the magnitude of a variable input DC current. The I/P converter (20) includes a pressure sensor (64) which produces a feedback signal representative of the output pressure. Based upon the feedback signal and the magnitude of the input DC current, an electrical control signal is produced which controls a device (40) for varying the output pressure. The I/P converter (20) also includes a circuit (86) for generating a time-varying signal which is sent back over the current loop wires (28) through which the input DC current flows. The time-varying signal provides an indication of whether the I/P converter (20) is functioning properly. This permits diagnosis of possible causes of control system malfunctions without having to inspect the I/P converter (20) itself.
Abstract:
A deflecting diaphragm differential pressure sensor (10) is formed so all electrical elements (30A-30D) and connections (34B) from external circuitry to the sensor (10) are isolated from the pressure media. The deflecting, pressure sensing diaphragm (22) is made of a semi-conductor material, having piezoresistors disposed on a surface (25) thereof to form strain gages to sense deflection of the diaphragm (22). The strain gage resistors are media isolated by a layer that overlies the strain gage resistors. All forms of the invention provide environmental protection for the electrical connections for external circuitry, which are subject to corrosion from the pressure media.
Abstract:
A measurement circuit (10) provides an output signal as a function of an input signal. The measurement circuit includes a charge generator (18) which provides packets of charge as a function of the input signal to a measurement element (34). The measurement element (34) measures the charge provided and provides a measurement signal as a function of the charge received. The measurement signal (28) is coupled to a feedback circuit (9) which couples to switches in the charge generator (18) to control production of charge packets. The feedback circuit (9) provides at least one output signal indicative of the quantity or number of charge packets provided.
Abstract:
A thin film platinum resistance thermometer capable of operation at elevated temperatures includes a benign dielectric layer (24) covering the thin film platinum resistance temperature sensing element (14) and a barrier layer (26) overlying the dielectric layer (24). The barrier layer (26), which is preferably titanium dioxide, resists diffusion or contaminants which would alter the electrical characteristics of the sensing element (14), while permitting diffusion of oxygen through the barrier layer (26).
Abstract:
A capacity sensing cell (10) is adapted for manufacture in a batch process, and uses a substrate or base (11) from a rigid insulating material such as glass and a diaphragm assembly (12, 14, 15) of a brittle semiconductor. The diaphragm assembly (12, 14, 15) and the substrate (11) are anodically bonded together. A very shallow recess (20) is formed on either the diaphragm or the substrate to accommodate a deposited capacitor plate (24). Two such assemblies (10) are connected together and the assembly is filled with noncompressible fluid to slightly bow the diaphragms (15) away from the substrates (11). Differential pressure between the diaphragm assemblies (12, 14, 15) is sensed by detecting the relative positions of the two diaphragms (15).
Abstract:
An ice detector of the vibrating element type comprises a tube (32) that vibrates along its longitudinal axis, and is driven by an excitation coil (20) at the natural frequency of the tube (32) is sealed by a diaphragm (35) which has a surface exposed to an air stream in which icing is to be sensed. The exposed diaphragm surface is deflectable during vibration of the tube (32) at a flexible support portion (38) of the diaphragm (35). As ice accumulates on the exposed surface of the flexible support (38) the spring rate or flexibility support (38) changes, thereby changing the natural frequency of the vibration of the tube section (32). The changes in the natural frequency are sensed to determine that ice is accumulating. The diaphragm (35) is of low mass, and small so that stiffness of small amounts of ice significantly changes the spring constant of the flexible support (38) and the diaphragm (35) is shaped to conform to adjacent aerodynamic surfaces (11).