Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing acrolein by heterogeneous catalytic gas-phase partial oxidation. A reaction formulation containing propene and molecular oxygen in a molar ratio of C>3 6 2 1 is converted in successive reaction zones in a catalyst which is in a solid state at an increased temperature. Additional molecular oxygen is added to the reaction gas mixture during the partial oxidation.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing polytetrahydrofuran, polytetrahydrofuran copolymer, polytetrahydrofuran diester, or polytetrahydrofuran monoester by polymerizing tetrahydrofuran in the presence of at least one telogen and/or comonomer and an acid heterogeneous catalyst based on activated layered silicates or mixed metal oxides in a fluidized bed.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a column for separating mixtures containing at least three substances. Said column comprises an outer enclosure which delimits the inner area of the column, at least one column lid (5) and several subchambers (3, 4) which extend over a section of the longitudinal extension of the column and open into the inner area of the column at one end. One subchamber is configured in the form of a feed chamber (3) to which the mixture to be separated is delivered. The column also comprises at least one recombination chamber (8) which adjoins the opening of at least two subchambers (3, 4) leading into the inner area of the column. The mixture to be separated is delivered to the feed chamber at a point that is set apart from the open of said feed chamber (3), in such a way that the feed chamber forms a concentrating column (3a) in the section adjoining the delivery point on one side and forms a column stripper in the section (3b) adjoining the delivery point on the other side. As a result, complex mixtures can be separated into pure fractions and the invention is simpler than series-connected columns in terms of equipment and energy.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for the production of maleic acid anhydride by heterogeneously catalysed gas phase oxidation in a reactor. Said reactor has a reaction mixture inlet at one end of the reactor and a product mixture outlet at the opposite end of the reactor and, within the reactor volume, a device for removal of the heat of reaction, which is arranged in the form of heat exchanger plates, with a heat exchange agent flowing through said plates.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing hydrocyanic acid (HCN) by means of catalytic dehydration of gaseous formamide in a reactor having an inner reactor surface consisting of a steel-containing iron, chromium and nickel. The invention also relates to a reactor for producing hydrocyanic acid by means of catalytic dehydration of gaseous formamide, said reactor having an inner reactor surface consisting of a steel-containing iron, chromium and nickel. The invention further relates to the use of the inventive reactor in a method for producing hydrocyanic acid by means of catalytic dehydration of gaseous formamide.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing phthalic acid anhydride by means of heterogeneously catalysed gas phase oxidation, in a reactor comprising an element for guiding a reaction mixture in at one reactor end and an element for guiding the product mixture out at the opposite reactor end. The reactor also comprises devices for carrying off the reaction heat, through which heat exchanger agents flow and which are configured as heat exchanger plates, these devices being located in the inner chamber of the reactor.
Abstract:
In a process for the preparation of acrolein or acrylic acid or a mixture thereof from propane, the propane is subjected, in a first reaction stage, to a partial dehydrogenation under heterogeneous catalysis to give propene, of the components contained in the product gas mixture formed in the first reaction stage other than propene and propane at least a portion of the molecular hydrogen present is then separated off from said mixture and the product gas mixture is then used for the preparation of acrolein and/or acrylic acid by gas-phase catalytic propylene oxidation, molecular nitrogen being present for diluting the reaction gas mixture during the propylene oxidation.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for reducing the formation of polymers during the side chain alkylation or side chain alkenylation of alkylaromatic compounds by reacting olefins or diolefins in the presence of an alkali metal catalyst; and the ensuing distillation for preparing the alkylated or alkenylated compound. The alkali metal in the catalyst is situated on an inorganic carrier, and the catalyst is mechanically separated from the reaction mixture after the reaction and before distillation.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for continually producing 1,3-dioxolan-2-ones such as ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate by reacting a corresponding oxirane with carbon dioxide in liquid phase in the presence of a catalyst. The reaction is carried out in a two-part reactor. In the first part of the reactor, the reaction is carried out with back-mixing until a conversion rate of oxirane II of at least 80 % has been reached. In the second part, the reaction is completed under conditions without back-mixing, the carbon dioxide being guided to the oxirane II in a counterflow throughout the reactor.
Abstract:
Un reactor (1) para reacciones gas/líquido o gas/líquido/sólido que tiene un eje longitudinal vertical y una entrada (2) para una corriente de alimentación de líquido o líquido/sólido en la región superior de el reactor y una entrada (3) para una corriente gaseosa en la región inferior del reactor (1), que comprende - una o más cámaras (4) ubicadas una encima de la otra en la dirección longitudinal, donde - cada cámara (4) está pegada al fondo por un plato de fondo hermético a líquido (5), - cada cámara (4) se conecta por medio de un rebosadero de líquido (6) hacia el espacio interior del reactor abajo del plato de fondo hermético a líquido (5) que conecta la cámara, y se retira una corriente de producto líquido por entre el rebosadero de líquido (6) de la cámara extrema de abajo, - el espacio de gas (7) debajo de cada plato de fondo, hermético a líquido, se conecta a la cámara (4) localizada inmediatamente por encima de la misma mediante uno o más tubos de entrada de gas (8) que abre(n), cada uno, hacia un módulo distribuidor de gas (9) provisto de aberturas (10) para salida de gas por debajo de la superficie líquida en la cámara (4), - y cada cámara (4) está provista de al menos una bandeja guía (11) que se dispone verticalmente alrededor de cada módulo distribuidor de gas (9) y cuyo extremo superior está por debajo de la superficie líquida y cuyo extremo inferior está por encima del plato de fondo hermético a líquido (5) de la cámara (4) y el cual divide cada cámara (4) en uno o más espacios hacia los cuales no fluye gas, caracterizado porque el módulo distribuidor de gas (9) está constituido de secciones rectas de tubo (14, 15).