Abstract:
Production of pigmented resin powders by finely dispersing dispersions of pigments in solutions of polymeric materials in at least one organic solvent in water containing a protective colloid while supplying mixing energy, and removing the solvent. A preferred method is to introduce one or more jets of water containing protective colloid at the rate of 5 to 100 m/sec into animpulse exchange chamber together with the dispersion issuing in the immediate vicinity of the orifice(s), and to remove the solvent. The method avoids crosslinking and provides pigmented resin powders of consistently reproducible color which are suitable for conventional powdered-resin coating methods.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a reactor which is more economical than a conventional reactor by using a gas distributor with a simple structure and a reactor which is used for a gas/liquid reaction or a gas/liquid/solid reaction without being hardly influenced by improper reaction caused by pulsatory motions. SOLUTION: A reactor having a vertical longitudinal axis, an inlet for liquid or liquid/solid feed stream in the upper side region of the reactor and an inlet 3 for gas stream in the lower side region of the reactor is used for gas/liquid reaction or gas/liquid/solid reaction, and the gas flow is transferred through a gas distribution module 9 which is mainly made from straight pipe-like parts 14 and 15. COPYRIGHT: (C)2005,JPO&NCIPI
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a process whereby a hydroxyl-contg. polymer, esp. a hydroxyl-terminated polytetrahydrofuran, is produced from the corresponding alkoxy-contg. polymer by the transesterification with an alcohol continuously in a mass of at least 100% of the nominal capacity without being obstructed by the occurrence of air bubbles. SOLUTION: This process continuously produces a hydroxyl-contg. polymer, esp. a hydroxyl-terminated polytetrahydrofuran, from the corresponding acyloxy- contg. polymer by the transesterification with an alcohol in at least one stirring reactor (I, II, III, or IV). Air bubbles occurring in the transesterification are broken by introducing the bubbles in the tangential direction at a suitable velocity into circular cylindrical containers 5, 13, esp. into cyclone separators, and thus formed liq. phase is returned through a pipe 3, 3' to at least one stirring reactor (I, II, III, or IV) in order to be recycled. The recycling is pref. done at stirring reactor cascades, and the subunit of each reactor is or subunits of at least two reactors are each individually connected to the circular cylindrical containers, esp. the cyclone separators.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing biphenols of general formula (I) by reacting monophenols of general formula (II), wherein the radicals R1, R2 and R3 independently represent hydrogen, alkyl, aryl or arylalkyl, with 1 - 10 C-atoms, in the presence of an oxidation agent in a reactor. Said method is characterised in that a) the reactor does not contain any stationary integrated components which act as a current agitator, b) a maximum of 0,6 mol of oxidation agents are used per mol of monophenol, and c) the oxidation agent is added in a continuous or discontinuous manner in a plurality of portions within a time span of between 10 min - 24 hours, whereby the amount of oxidation agent which is added per time unit is not constant over the entire tine span, but is varied.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for continually producing 1,3-dioxolan-2-ones such as ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate by reacting a corresponding oxirane with carbon dioxide in liquid phase in the presence of a catalyst. The reaction is carried out in a two-part reactor. In the first part of the reactor, the reaction is carried out with back-mixing until a conversion rate of oxirane II of at least 80 % has been reached. In the second part, the reaction is completed under conditions without back-mixing, the carbon dioxide being guided to the oxirane II in a counterflow throughout the reactor.
Abstract:
A reactor, used for reactions between liquid/gas, or gases/liquids/solids, and has a vertical longitudinal axis with an educt feed pipe in the upper part of the reactor. Incoming gas (3) enters via an aperture in the base (5), and is distributed via a gas distributor module (9) that consists solely of straight pipes (14, 15). The gas distributor module has no curved or bent pipes. All pipes within the module are cylindrical and of circular cross section. Pipe sections are joined at right angles to each other. Horizontal distributor pipes (15) are at 40-90% of reactor chamber (4) depth.
Abstract:
A reactor, used for reactions between liquid/gas, or gases/liquids/solids, and has a vertical longitudinal axis with an educt feed pipe in the upper part of the reactor. Incoming gas (3) enters via an aperture in the base (5), and is distributed via a gas distributor module (9) that consists solely of straight pipes (14, 15). The gas distributor module has no curved or bent pipes. All pipes within the module are cylindrical and of circular cross section. Pipe sections are joined at right angles to each other. Horizontal distributor pipes (15) are at 40-90% of reactor chamber (4) depth.
Abstract:
A process for the continuous production of 1,3-dioxolan-2-ones such as ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate by reacting a corresponding oxirane with carbon dioxide in the liquid phase in the presence of a catalyst comprises conducting the reaction in a two-part reactor in whose first part the reaction is taken with backmixing to a conversion of not less than 80% of the oxirane II and in whose second part the reaction is completed under nonbackmixing conditions, and passing the carbon dioxide in countercurrent to the oxirane II in the entire reactor.
Abstract:
A process for the manufacture of fibrids of a thermoplastic organic polymer material which comprises extruding strands of molten thermoplastic organic polymer material through orifices of die means/and introducing a propulsive jet of liquid flowing from a nozzle located in the center of said die means at a velocity of from 10 to 100 meters per second and flowing in the same direction as said strands with in a liquid-filled zone surrounding said orifices, passing said strands, the propulsive jet and entrained liquid immediately and directly into and through a tubular impulse exchange zone having a mean diameter of from 2 to 20 times the diameter of said nozzle of said propulsive jet and a length of from 2 to 30 times its hydraulic diameter to provide shear stresses acting on said strands within said impulse exchange zone, and causing said strands of thermoplastic organic polymer material to solidify by the cooling of said melt by said liquid and to be broken up into fibrids by said shear stresses within said impulse exchange zone. The invention also relates to an apparatus for carrying out the above process. This apparatus consists of a container filled with liquid, a nozzle for melt of said thermoplastic organic polymer material and which surrounds a nozzle or nozzles for the propulsive jet projecting parallel into said container and a tube having a diameter from 2 to 20 times the diameter of the nozzles for the propulsive jet and having a length from 2 to 30 times its hydraulic diameter, said tube being disposed at a short distance from the die orifices coaxially with an imaginary extension of the axis of the die so that said tube can accommodate the propulsive jet and the extruded thermoplastic organic polymer material leaving said die orifices. The orifices for the molten plastics material comprise a circle of round nozzles disposed around a propulsive nozzle or in the form of arcuate slots disposed concentrically with said propulsive nozzle.