Abstract:
método e composição para passivar uma superfície metálica, uso de uma composição, e, revestimento sobre uma superfície metálica. um método para a passivação de superfícies metálica, em que a superfície é contatada com uma composição aquosa compreendendo pelo menos um polímero solúvel em água (x), compreendendo grupos ácidos e pelo menos um tensoativo (t) com base em alcoóis alcoxilados, o ph da composição estando na faixa de 0,5 a 5, permite uma proteção durável da superfície.
Abstract:
A method for passivating a metallic surface by treating the surface with a basic aqueous composition containing a polymer comprising acid groups, a cationic crosslinker and a volatile basic compound makes possible a permanent passivation of sensitive metal surfaces.
Abstract:
An aqueous alkaline etching and cleaning composition for treating the surface of silicon substrates, the said composition comprising: (A) a quaternary ammonium hydroxide; and (B) a component selected from the group consisting of water-soluble acids and their water-soluble salts of the general formulas (I) to (V): (R1—S03-)nXn+ (I), R—P032−(Xn+)3-n (II); (RO—S03-)nXn+ (III), RO—P032−(Xn+)3-n, (IV), and [(RO)2P02−]nXn+ (V); wherein the n=1 or 2; X is hydrogen or alkaline or alkaline-earth metal; the variable R1 is an olefinically unsaturated aliphatic or cycloaliphatic moiety and R is R1 or an alkylaryl moiety; the use of the composition for treating silicon substrates, a method for treating the surface of silicon substrates, and methods for manufacturing devices generating electricity upon the exposure to electromagnetic radiation.
Abstract:
A method of increasing the throughput and/or decreasing the energy usage of a pulping process includes the steps of providing a plurality of lignocellulosic chips, providing a refining composition, applying the refining composition to the plurality of lignocellulosic chips, and mechanically refining the plurality of lignocellulosic chips to form pulp. The refining composition includes water and a lubricating additive comprising the reaction product of a sugar and an alcohol. The step of applying the refining composition to the lignocellulosic chips is conducted less than 5 minutes prior to, or concurrently with, the step of mechanically refining the wood chips to form pulp.