Abstract:
A process of bringing a compound of general formula (I) into the gaseous or aerosol state and depositing the compound of general formula (I) from the gaseous or aerosol state onto a solid substrate, wherein R11, R12, R13, R14, R15, R16, R17, R18 are independent of each other hydrogen, an alkyl group, an aryl group, or a trialkylsilyl group, R21, R22, R23, R24 are independent of each other an alkyl group, an aryl group, or a trialkylsilyl group, n is 1 or 2, M is a metal or semimetal, X is a ligand which coordinates M, and m is an integer from 0 to 3.
Abstract:
Use of a composition (A) having a pH of at least 8 at 25° C. containing at least 50 wt.-% of water or a water containing solvent mixture, at least 0.1 mol/m3 of at least one water soluble silicate, optionally at least one molybdate, optionally at least one phosphonate, optionally at least one azole, optionally at least one additional freezing point depressing salt, optionally at least one phosphate, and optionally at least one nitrate, as heat carrier medium for magnetocaloric materials of formula (I) (AyB1−y)2+uCwDxEz (I) where: A is Mn or Co, B is Fe, Cr or Ni, C is Ge, As or Si, D is different from C and is selected from P, B, Se, Ge, Ga, Si, Sn, N, As and Sb, E may be same or different from C and D and is selected from P, B, Se, Ge, Ga, Si, Sn, N, As and Sb.
Abstract:
Method of maintaining or widening the long-term operating temperature range of a heat transfer medium and/or heat storage medium comprising a nitrate salt composition selected from the group consisting of alkali metal nitrate and alkaline earth metal nitrate and optionally alkali metal nitrite and alkaline earth metal nitrite, wherein the nitrate salt composition is brought into contact with an additive comprising the components nitric acid and/or nitrous acid and oxygen-comprising gas having an oxygen partial pressure which is equal to or greater than that in air and/or oxygen-generating compounds and optionally nitrogen oxides and/or compounds which generate further nitrogen oxide.
Abstract:
Disclosed herein are processes comprising electrolyzing an aqueous solution comprising lithium, wherein the aqueous solution has a pH less than 0.5. Also disclosed are processes comprising electrolyzing a first aqueous solution comprising lithium to obtain a second aqueous solution comprising lithium, and an acidic aqueous solution having a pH less than 0.5, adjusting the pH of the second aqueous solution with the acidic aqueous solution to obtain a third aqueous solution comprising lithium having a pH less than 0.5, and electrolyzing the third aqueous solution comprising lithium. Additionally disclosed are, processes comprising stripping a liquid medium comprising lithium with an acidic aqueous solution to obtain an aqueous solution comprising lithium, and electrolyzing the aqueous solution comprising lithium. Further disclosed are processes for preparing a liquid medium comprising lithium.
Abstract:
Process for the recovery of transition metal from spent lithium ion batteries containing nickel, wherein said process comprises the steps of (a) heating a lithium containing transition metal oxide material to a temperature in the range of from 200 to 900° C. in the presence of H2, (b) treatment of the product obtained in step (a) with an aqueous medium, (c) solid-solid separation for the removal of Ni from the solid residue of step (b), (d) recovery of Li as hydroxide or salt from the solution obtained in step (b), (e) extraction of Ni and, if applicable, Co from the solid Ni-concentrate obtained in step (c).
Abstract:
A process for extracting fluoride from a solution of high pH comprising more than 0.1 mol of alkaline hydroxide and/or alcoholate per liter dissolved in a polar solvent is described. The polar solvent is chosen from water, lower alcohols, and mixtures thereof. The process is characterized in that the solution liquid is contacted with a solid phase adsorbent chosen from a) alkaline earth salts comprising carbonate anions, oxo anions, sulphate anions, or phosphate anions, and alkaline earth salts comprising a mixture of such anions or a mixture of such anions with hydroxyl anions, and b) cation binding resins loaded with one or more 3-valent cations, chosen from 3-valent cations of Al, Ga, In, Fe, Cr, Sc, Y, La and lanthanoides.
Abstract:
Method of maintaining or widening the long-term operating temperature range of a heat transfer medium and/or heat storage medium comprising a nitrate salt composition selected from the group consisting of alkali metal nitrate and alkaline earth metal nitrate and optionally alkali metal nitrite and alkaline earth metal nitrite, wherein the nitrate salt composition is brought into contact with an additive comprising the components nitric acid and/or nitrous acid and oxygen-comprising gas having an oxygen partial pressure which is equal to or greater than that in air and/or oxygen-generating compounds and optionally nitrogen oxides and/or compounds which generate further nitrogen oxide.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a pipeline system for a linearly concentrating solar power plant (1) with at least one receiver line (13), in which a heat transfer medium is heated by radiating solar energy, or with a central receiver and at least one emptying tank (21) and/or one store for the heat transfer medium, the heat transfer medium having a vapor pressure of less than 0.5 bar at the maximum operating temperature. Furthermore, a gas displacement system (31) is comprised, which connects gas spaces in the at least one emptying tank (21) and/or in the store for the heat transfer medium to one another and which has a central gas store (35) and/or a central gas connection (37) and a central exhaust gas outlet (39), through which gas can be discharged into the surroundings.
Abstract:
The invention relates to an apparatus for heating a pipeline system, comprising at least two pipelines (1), along which in each case one electrical resistance heating element extends, wherein a potential close to the ground potential is set at each electrical resistance heating element at at least one end (3, 5), and the electrical resistance heating element is connected to a terminal of a DC source or to in each case one phase (7) of an n-phase AC source (9) at a position remote from this end (3, 5), where, when using an n-phase AC source (9), n is an integer equal to or greater than 2.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a pipeline system, comprising at least one pipeline loop (9) which is connected at one end to a converger (7) and at a second end to a distributor (5), wherein the converger (7) and the distributor (5) are arranged above one another, and when the converger (7) lies on top pressurized gas can be fed into the converger and the distributor (5) is connected to a drainage container (21), and when the distributor (5) lies on top pressurized gas can be fed into the distributor (5) and the converger (7) is connected to a drainage container (21), the drainage container (21) lying lower than the converger (7) and the distributor (5).The invention furthermore relates to a drainage container (21) for receiving a liquid flowing through a pipeline system (3), wherein the drainage container (21) is connected to the pipeline system (3) via an immersion pipe (33) projecting into the drainage container (21), wherein a siphon (41) is formed in the immersion pipe (33), between the pipeline system (3) and the drainage container (21), and the immersion pipe (33) is heatable, the siphon (41) being closed by solidified material (43) during operation of the pipeline system (3).