Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an electrophoretic display and a method of producing that display. SOLUTION: The invention provide a constitution foranelectrophoretic display device which is effective to substantially prevent aggregation of dye particles. A medium of a suspension liquid is held between first and second electrodes to form an electrophoretic display cell. A plurality of dye particles are dispersed in the medium of the suspension liquid, where a plurality of mechanical members protrude. The member is sufficiently small so that a plurality of the members can exist in the minimum visible region of the cell. Because the mechanical members can be produced separately from the other parts of the display, the material for the production and treatment conditions can be flexibly determined.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a low-cost lithography process for fabrication of devices. SOLUTION: A flexible mold 20 comprises a surface 21 provided with at least one projecting surface 17 and at least one recessed surface 18 which define a pattern 21 cooperatively. A material layer 15 is formed on a semiconductor substrate 10. The mold surface 21 is brought into contact with the material layer 15 by an enough force which can adapt the layer 15 to the surface 21, while the mold 20 is brought into contact with the flat and rigid lower surface of an object 25 by the enough force which can adapt its mold surface opposite to the pattern surface to the above-mentioned lower surface. The layer 15 is cured under the condition that the layer 15 is in contact with the surface 21 and also that the mold 20 is in contact with the flat and rigid lower surface. After curing, the mold 20 is separates from the cured layer 15. As result, the relief pattern 21 which is adapted to the pattern 21 of the mold surface is transferred into the layer 15.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide an optical fiber provided with a metal coating layer of variable thickness. SOLUTION: This manufacturing method comprises a step for preparing a shadow mask 32 to specify an optical fiber 30 to be coated and a coating pattern, a step for arranging the shadow mask 32 between a metal source 31 and the fiber 30 to deposit coating metal from the metal source 31 onto the optical fiber 30, and a step for activating the metal source 31 to emit the coating metal and for moving the shadow mask 32 with respect to the optical fiber 30. Travel, onto the optical fiber 30, of the metal of the metal source 31 is controlled therein.
Abstract:
PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To attain improvements in cost performance and production efficiency by decreasing labor and time in the case of forming a fine body structure. SOLUTION: A first surface 12 of elastomer mold 10 having first and second surfaces 12 and 14 has at least one recessed fine groove part 16, and the second surface 14 has an access opening part 20, extended through the mold 10 to the first surface 12 and communicated to the fine groove part 16. The mold 10 is placed on a prepared substrate so that the fine groove part 16 faces the substrate. The access opening part 20 on the mold 10 is filled with a solution composed of evaporation solvent and forming materials, the solution is introduced continuously into a space between the fine groove part 16 and the substrate by the access opening part 20, and the mold 10 is removed from the substrate after the solvent has evaporated. Thus, the fine body structure, which is formed from the forming materials after the evaporation of the solvent, which has the shape and dimension determined by the fine groove part 16 remains on the substrate.
Abstract:
An LED device that emits light in a pattern is disclosed. The LED device is a layer of active material that is sandwiched between a transparent substrate with an anode formed thereon and a cathode. The active material has a layer of light emitting material that emits light when electron/hole recombination is induced in the material.The patterned emission is defined by a patterned layer in the active material of the LED device. The patterned layer has at least a first thickness and a second thickness. When the device is on, the portion of the device associated with the first thickness of the patterned layer is visually distinct from the portion of the device that is associated with the second thickness of the patterned layer.
Abstract:
A method for making a chirped grating device capable of a broad bandwid th for optical communication systems is disclosed. An intrinsically-chirped optical grating is externally strained to alter the range of chirping. The external strain may be induced by a gradient-generating body bonded onto the length of the fiber grating that may be latchably strained so that the grating characteristics may be changed or tuned while avoiding use of a continuous power supply. Various optical networking applications using such dispersion compensating devices are also disclosed.
Abstract:
A three-terminal device includes first electrode, second electrode, gat e electrode and an active channel coupling the first and second electrodes. Th e active channel has a layer of organic molecules with conjugated multiple bonds. The delocalized .pi.-orbitals associated with the conjugated multiple bonds exte nd normal to the layer.
Abstract:
A tunable chromatic dispersion compensator for optical communication systems is disclosed. An optical grating, such as a fiber Bragg grating, non-chirped, linearly chirped or non-linearly chirped, is coated on its outer surface with a coating have a variable diameter and strained is applied to the fiber. The fiber may be latchably strained so that the grating characteristics may be changed or tuned while avoiding use of a continuous power supply. Various optical networking applications using such dispersion compensating devices are also disclosed.
Abstract:
In accordance with the invention, an optical waveguide grating with an adjustable optical spacing profile comprises a waveguide grating in thermal contact with one or more resistive film coatings. A coating extends along the length of the grating and its local resistance varies along the length of the grating. In one embodiment, a plurality of overlaping coatings are chosen so the resistance variation of each is different, thereby permitting a variety of heat generation profiles to be effected by independent control of the coatings. The different heat generation profiles, in turn, proportionately change the grating geometric spacing and local refractive index along the grating length, providing the desired adjustable optical spacing profile. Other embodiments use resistive films with abruptly changing or periodically changing heating variation.