Abstract:
Nanostructured material exhibiting a random anisotropic nanostructured surface, and exhibiting an average reflection at 60 degrees off angle less than 1 percent. The nanostructured materials are useful, for example, for optical and optoelectronic devices, displays, solar, light sensors, eye wear, camera lens, and glazing.
Abstract:
Apparatus (100) for an improved etch process. A power source (1500, 1506) alternates between high and low power cycles to produce and sustain a plasma discharge. The high power cycles couple sufficient power into the plasma to produce a high density of ions (>/=10 cm ) for etching. The low power cycles allow electrons to cool off to reduce the average random (thermal) electron velocity in the plasma. The low power cycle is limited in duration as necessary to prevent excessive plasma loss to the walls (116a, 116b) or due to recombination of negative and positive ions. A separate power (152) source alternates between high and low power cycles to accelerate ions toward the substrate (107) being etched. In one embodiment, a strong bias is applied to the substrate in short bursts. Multiple burst occur during the average transit time for an ion to cross the plasma sheath and reach the substrate surface. Ions are pulsed toward the surface for etching.
Abstract:
A general method of the invention is to provide a polymer-hardening precursor piece (60) (such as silicon, carbon, silicon carbide or silicon nitride, but preferably silicon) within the reactor chamber (10) during an etch process with a fluoro-carbon or fluoro-hydrocarbon gas, and to heat the polymer-hardening precursor piece above the polymerization temperature sufficiently to achieve a desired increase in oxide-to-silicon etch selectivity. Generally, this polymer-hardening precursor or silicon piece may be an integral part of the reactor chamber walls and/or ceiling or a separate, expendable and quickly removable piece (60), and the heating/cooling apparatus (30, 32, 34, 36, 62) may be of any suitable type including apparatus which conductively or remotely heats the silicon piece.
Abstract:
A general method of the invention is to provide a polymer-hardening precursor piece (such as silicon, carbon, silicon carbide or silicon nitride, but preferably silicon) within the reactor chamber during an etch process with a fluoro-carbon or fluoro-hydrocarbon gas, and to heat the polymer-hardening precursor piece above the polymerization temperature sufficiently to achieve a desired increase in oxide-to-silicon etch selectivity. Generally, this polymer-hardening precursor or silicon piece may be an integral part of the reactor chamber walls and/or ceiling or a separate, expendable and quickly removable piece, and the heating/cooling apparatus may be of any suitable type including apparatus which conductively or remotely heats the silicon piece.
Abstract:
Procédé et appareil de production d'un dispositif, ayant recours à une technique de gravure par ions réactifs. Il est possible d'obtenir simultanément une vitesse élevée de gravure et, par exemple, une grande sélectivité de gravure grâce à la technique de gravure par ions réactifs ci-décrite, en déchargeant une électrode (20) du dispositif de gravure par ions réactifs (10) suivant un critère prédéterminé, par exemple l'ordre de grandeur d'un courant continu de polarisation de ladite électrode (20) qui égale ou dépasse une valeur prédéterminée.
Abstract:
A plasma reactor has a chamber (50) for containing a plasma and a passageway (60) communicating with the chamber is enhanced with a first removable plasma confinement magnet module placed adjacent the passageway including a first module housing (20,10) and a first plasma confinement magnet (80) inside the housing. It may further include a second removable plasma confinement magnet module placed adjacent the passageway including a second module housing (20,20), and a second plasma confinement magnet (82). Preferably, the first and second modules are located on opposite sides of the passageway. Moreover, the first and second plasma confinement magnets have magnetic orientations which tend to oppose plasma transport or leakage through the passageway. Preferably, the module housing includes a relatively non-magnetic thermal conductor such as aluminum and is in thermal contact with said chamber body. Cooling apparatus can be thermally coupled to the chamber body, whereby to maintain the first plasma confinement magnet below its Curie temperature. If the reactor includes a pumping annulus adjacent to a periphery of the chamber, then the passageway can be one which communicates between the chamber and the pumping annulus. Also, the passageway can be a wafer slit valve or a gas feed inlet. Such a gas feed inlet can be a center gas feed through a ceiling of the chamber. The module housing (20,20) can rest upon the chamber side wall and the chamber ceiling (52) can rest upon the module housing.