公开(公告)号：EP0167335A3

公开(公告)日：1987-10-14

申请号：EP85304496

申请日：1985-06-25

Applicant: Nicoli, David F. ,  Elings, Virgil B.

Inventor： Nicoli, David F.

IPC: G01N33/53 ,  G01N33/543 ,  G01N33/546 ,  G01N33/554 ,  G01N21/47 ,  G02B05/18

CPC classification number: G01N33/554 ,  G01N21/4788 ,  G01N33/54373 ,  G01N2021/4711 ,  Y10S436/805 ,  Y10S436/807 ,  Y10S436/909

Abstract: Stripes 12 of antibody of microscopic dimensons are applied to a substrate surface 10 and antigen in the solution 14 interacts with the antibody in a binding reaction. A laser beam 16 incident on the array of stripes 12 undergoes Bragg scattering and the scattered intensity at the Bragg scattering angle which is detected by detector 30 is representative of the binding reaction which has occurred.

公开(公告)号：EP0092395A3

公开(公告)日：1985-11-21

申请号：EP83302132

申请日：1983-04-15

Applicant: SUMITOMO ELECTRIC INDUSTRIES LIMITED

Inventor： Nishiwaki, Yoshikazu Sumitomo Electric Ind. Ltd. ,  Matsuoka, Shunji Sumitomo Electric Ind. Ltd. ,  Okamoto, Kenji Sumitomo Electric Ind. Ltd.

IPC: G03F07/20 ,  G03C05/00 ,  G02B05/18

CPC classification number: G03F7/70408 ,  G02B5/32 ,  G02B6/124 ,  G03F7/001 ,  G03F7/2006 ,  G03H1/04

Abstract: In the formation of a blazed diffraction grating by a holographic process, a laser beam (a) is split into two collimated light beams (b and c) having an increased beam radius, and these beams are reflected onto a substrate (121) coated with a photoresist (122). A photomask (123) having a transparent area (125, 126) is placed on the photoresist (122) at a location corresponding to the desired location of the diffraction grating, and one of the beams is passed through an intermediate mask (118) having a narrow opening (119) to limit the light flux of that beam. A first exposure is made wherein both of the beams are incident on the photoresist (122) through air, thereby to form interference fringes having a clearance width of d. A second exposure is then made wherein the beams are irradiated on the photoresist (122) through a symmetrical transparent member (209, Figure 21) having an isoceles triangular cross-section, thereby producing interference fringes having a clearance width of d/2. The ratio between the exposure energies in the first and second exposures is made equal to the ratio between the first and second terms of a Fourier series obtained by expanding the periodical function of the waveform of the blazed diffraction grating. This method is used to form an optical branching filter element which comprises a substrate (301) and a waveguide (3021 provided on the substrate and made of a material which is cacable of reversibly changing its refractive index on application of light. A diffraction grating (307) is formed in the waveguide (302) by the above-described method, which can be erased by the application of infrared light, electric current or heat.

公开(公告)号：EP0020132A3

公开(公告)日：1981-08-19

申请号：EP80301759

申请日：1980-05-28

Applicant: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Inventor： Flanders, Dale C. ,  Smith, Henry I.

IPC: G02B05/18

CPC classification number: G03F7/70325 ,  G02B5/1857 ,  G03F7/2039

Abstract: Soft carbon-K X-rays (38) are used to expose a PMMA photoresist (31) on an oxide layer (32) of a silicon substrate (33) through a parent mask (30) separated a distance S from the resist by a spacer (34). The parent mask slits (12, 17) define a pattern of spatial period p, to establish an intensity pattern of period p/n at the resist with S = p 2 /nλ, where λ is the wavelength of the incident radiation and λ

公开(公告)号：WO1997027504A1

公开(公告)日：1997-07-31

申请号：PCT/EP1996002599

申请日：1996-06-17

Applicant: LANDIS & GYR TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION AG ,  STAUB, René ,  TOMPKIN, Wayne, Robert

Inventor： LANDIS & GYR TECHNOLOGY INNOVATION AG

IPC: G02B05/18

CPC classification number: G02B5/1823 ,  Y10S283/902

Abstract: A surface pattern (10) has two surface portions (11; 12) with microscopically fine, light-diffracting relief structures. The relief structures are in the form of grating structures GS1 or GS2, respectively, which are composed of at least two superimposed gratings G1 and G2, G3 and G4, respectively. The light-diffracting properties of the gratings G1 to G4 are so selected in accordance with various criteria that novel optical effects which cannot be holographically copied can be achieved with the grating structures GS1 and GS2. Such surface patterns are suitable as optical security elements for documents or articles of all kinds as well as packaging foils.

Abstract translation: 表面图案（10）具有两个具有微观细微的光衍射浮雕结构的表面部分（11; 12）。 浮雕结构分别是由至少两个叠加的光栅G1和G2，G3和G4组成的光栅结构GS1或GS2的形式。 光栅G1〜G4的光衍射特性根据各种标准进行选择，可以用光栅结构GS1和GS2实现不能全息复制的新型光学效果。 这种表面图案适合作为各种文件或物品以及包装箔的光学安全元件。

公开(公告)号：WO1995004295A1

公开(公告)日：1995-02-09

申请号：PCT/US1994008621

申请日：1994-08-02

Applicant: APPLIED PHYSICS RESEARCH, L.P.

Inventor： APPLIED PHYSICS RESEARCH, L.P. ,  STEENBLIK, Richard, A. ,  HURT, Mark, J. ,  SHEARMAN, Samuel, Dodd

IPC: G02B05/18

CPC classification number: G02B5/021 ,  G02B5/00 ,  G02B5/0215 ,  G02B5/0268 ,  G02B5/0284

Abstract: A light control material generally comprising a transparent substrate (113) for carrying a print or photographic image and a plurality of focusing elements (114) which provide a field of view over which the brightness of the print or photographic image is enhanced. The field of view is controlled by the geometry of the focusing elements (142) including radius, width, and degree of symmetry. By providing a field of view (112) over which the brightness of the image is enhanced, the image may be viewed at angles which avoid the angles of specular reflection, which are usually seen as unwanted glare. Furthermore, selected portions of an image may be brightness enhanced more than others or selected portions may be brightness enhanced while others are not.

Abstract translation: 通常包括用于承载打印或照相图像的透明基板（113）和多个聚焦元件（114）的调光材料，所述多个聚焦元件（114）提供了增强印刷或照相图像的亮度的视场。 视场由包括半径，宽度和对称度的聚焦元件（142）的几何形状控制。 通过提供增强图像的亮度的视野（112），可以以避免镜面反射的角度的角度来观看图像，这通常被视为不期望的眩光。 此外，图像的选择部分可以比其他图像的亮度增强，或者所选择的部分可以是亮度增强，而其他部分不是。

公开(公告)号：WO1995002838A1

公开(公告)日：1995-01-26

申请号：PCT/US1994007584

申请日：1994-07-12

Applicant: LUCKOFF DISPLAY CORPORATION ,  ODHNER, Jefferson, E. ,  SMITH, Daniel, J. ,  BHAT, Shailesh, S. ,  CULLEN, Donald, L. ,  WASSON, Ken, G.

Inventor： LUCKOFF DISPLAY CORPORATION

IPC: G02B05/18

CPC classification number: G09F9/375 ,  G03H1/0244 ,  G03H1/0272 ,  H04R17/08 ,  Y10S385/901

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a diffractive display suitable for presenting graphic and the like displays. Broadly, the novel display is realized from a diffraction pattern (132) carried by (e.g. embossed) a film or element (138) connected to an energy source which is energizable for movement of the film (138). Movement of the patterned film (138) generates a display using the diffracted light from the embossed pattern (132). Electroactive films are known in the art, including, for example, piezoelectric films, electrostrictive films, electromotive films, and electrostatic films. Magnetoactive films also are known in the art. Any of these films (138) can carry the diffraction pattern (132) and be energized for movement to generate from the resulting diffracted light.

Abstract translation: 本发明涉及适用于呈现图形等的显示器的衍射显示器。 广泛地，新颖的显示是通过由（例如压花）携带的衍射图案（132）实现的，该衍射图案连接到可激活胶片（138）移动的能源的胶片或元件（138）。 图案化膜（138）的运动使用来自压印图案（132）的衍射光产生显示。 电活性膜是本领域已知的，包括例如压电膜，电致伸缩膜，电动膜和静电膜。 磁性膜也是本领域已知的。 这些膜（138）中的任何一个可以承载衍射图案（132）并且被激发以便从所产生的衍射光中移动以产生。

公开(公告)号：WO1994018582A1

公开(公告)日：1994-08-18

申请号：PCT/US1994001153

申请日：1994-02-01

Applicant: APA OPTICS, INC.

Inventor： APA OPTICS, INC. ,  JAIN, Anil, K.

IPC: G02B05/18

CPC classification number: G02B27/106 ,  G02B3/0056 ,  G02B3/0062 ,  G02B5/1876 ,  G02B5/1885 ,  G02B26/0808 ,  G02B27/1073 ,  G02B27/1093

Abstract: A method and apparatus for splitting, scanning and receiving a beam of light is disclosed. Binary optic array components are used to split, in an angular manner, an input beam into multiple beams, travelling in different directions. Miniaturized array element BOCs arranged in ''n'' different groups are used, wherein n is dependent upon the number of split beams needed or desired. An offset is introduced between the optical axis of each of the corresponding pair of miniaturized BOCs. By varying the offset over time, the resultant beam(s) can be scanned in one, two or three dimensions. Piezo-electric drivers controlled by a processor may be used to move the array in order to vary the offset. The device may also include a collection area to collect the returned scanned beams by using an array of optic components integrated with the scanner. The collected beams are then focused onto detectors.

Abstract translation: 公开了用于分离，扫描和接收光束的方法和装置。 二元光学阵列组件用于以角度方式将输入光束分成多个波束，沿不同方向行进。 使用排列成“n”个不同组的小型化阵列元件BOC，其中n取决于所需或期望的分束数量。 在对应的一对小型化BOC的光轴之间引入偏移。 通过随时间改变偏移，可以在一个，两个或三个维度扫描合成的波束。 可以使用由处理器控制的压电驱动器来移动阵列以改变偏移。 该装置还可以包括通过使用与扫描仪集成的光学部件的阵列来收集返回的扫描束的收集区域。 收集的光束然后聚焦到探测器上。

公开(公告)号：WO1994011765A1

公开(公告)日：1994-05-26

申请号：PCT/US1993010888

申请日：1993-11-12

Applicant: MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

Inventor： MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ,  SWANSON, Gary, J.

IPC: G02B05/18

CPC classification number: A61F2/161 ,  A61F2/1618 ,  A61F2/1654 ,  G02B5/1876 ,  G02B5/1895

Abstract: An intraocular lens including a refractive/diffractive lens having an anterior surface and a posterior surface and a generally anterior posterior optical axis. At least one of the surfaces has a diffractive lens profile that is binary in phase, and produces three useful focal points. The diffractive lens profile is designed to provide three foci each containing 28.8 % of the incident light, with the residual 14 % of the light going into other foci. Additionally, some of the out-of-focus light of this design contributes positively to the image, and the resultant maximum image contrast is above 28.8 %. This design adds clear mid-range vision, at the expense of a slight decrease in near and far vision, and the added mid-range vision makes the device less sensitive to longitudinal placement in the eye.

Abstract translation: 一种眼内透镜，其包括具有前表面和后表面以及大体前后后光轴的折射/衍射透镜。 至少一个表面具有相位二进制的衍射透镜轮廓，并且产生三个有用的焦点。 衍射透镜轮廓被设计成提供三个焦点，每个焦点含有28.8％的入射光，剩余的14％的光进入其他焦点。 此外，这种设计的一些失焦光对图像有积极的作用，最终的图像对比度高于28.8％。 这种设计增加了清晰的中档视力，牺牲了近视和远视力的轻微下降，而增加的中视距使得设备对眼睛纵向放置的敏感性降低。

公开(公告)号：WO1993020464A1

公开(公告)日：1993-10-14

申请号：PCT/US1993001324

申请日：1993-02-12

Applicant: POLAROID CORPORATION

Inventor： POLAROID CORPORATION ,  LONDONO, Carmina ,  PLUMMER, William, T.

IPC: G02B05/18

CPC classification number: G02B27/0025 ,  G02B5/1876 ,  G02B5/1895

Abstract: A lens (10) composed of a single material and having at least one refractive surface (14) on one face and a kinoform (20) on the other face (16). The pure refraction between the surfaces varies dimensionally and in refractive index in response to temperature changes and thereby changes characteristics, such as the back focal length, of the lens while the kinoform varies differently in response to the same temperature changes. The kinoform power is sufficient to vary the temperature induced characteristic changes of the lens in an opposing sense at a given wavelength and in an amount sufficient to athermalize the optical device. In one embodiment the kinoform power compensates for the combined temperature-induced effects upon the refractive portion and any mount that supports the lens.

公开(公告)号：WO1992008999A1

公开(公告)日：1992-05-29

申请号：PCT/GB1991001968

申请日：1991-11-08

Applicant: BRITISH TELECOMMUNICATIONS PUBLIC LIMITED COMPANY ,  KASHYAP, Raman ,  CAMPBELL, Robert, John

Inventor： BRITISH TELECOMMUNICATIONS PUBLIC LIMITED COMPANY

IPC: G02B05/18

CPC classification number: G02B6/02128

Abstract: An optical fibre (2) is fixed between a clamp (6) and a piezo-electric translation stage (10). An argon ion laser (12) emitting at 514.5 nm is used to write Bragg gratings in the fibre (2). A different longitudinal stress is applied to the fibre (2) before optically writing each Bragg grating. The fibre (2) when unstressed will have a Bragg grating of different peak reflectivity corresponding to the number of different applied stresses.

Abstract translation: 光纤（2）固定在夹具（6）和压电平移台（10）之间。 使用在514.5nm发射的氩离子激光器（12）来在光纤（2）中写入布拉格光栅。 在光学写入每个布拉格光栅之前，对光纤（2）施加不同的纵向应力。 当不受应力时，光纤（2）将具有不同峰值反射率的布拉格光栅，其对应于不同施加应力的数量。