Abstract:
Dialkenyl diacetylenes, especially divinyl diacetylenes having liquid crystalline phases, are provided. In accordance with certain preferred embodiments, diacetylenes having liquid crystalline phases are provided which may be polymerized while in the liquid crystalline state to yield conjugated polymers. The processes for the polymerization of such liquid crystalline diacetylenes and for the elaboratiPortions of this work have been supported by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Grant No. DAAK-70-77-C-0045 (5-26502). The United States Government has certain rights in this invention.
Abstract:
A process for the preparation of cinnamic acid is provided by the present invention in which an optionally substituted benzaldehyde and alkali metal salt of carboxylic acid and/or alkali metal (bi) carbonate, as condensing agents, are heated up to a temperature of 100.degree.-220.degree. C. and thereafter there is introduced into the so heated mixture acetic anhydride in at least a stoichiometric amount based upon the amount of optionally substituted benzaldehyde employed. The process can be carried out by heating up a reaction mixture to 100.degree.-220.degree. C. which is free of acetic anhydride or one which contains acetic anhydride but less than a stoichiometric amount thereof based upon the amount of optionally substituted benzaldehyde.
Abstract:
A phosphorous acid or mixture of phosphorous acids is used as catalyst in the esterification reaction of phenol and carboxylic acids. Water is removed from the reaction zone in an efficient manner. An ester product of high purity and excellent color with minimal by-products is characteristically produced.
Abstract:
Compounds of formula (I): ##STR1## or a salt or acyl derivative thereof; whereinY is either --CH.dbd.N or ##STR2## R.sup.1 is hydroxy, halogen, (C.sub.1-4) alkyl, or (C.sub.1-4)alkoxy, R.sup.2 is a nitrogen-containing, basic substituent,R.sup.3 is hydrogen, hydroxy, halogen, (C.sub.1-4) alkyl, (C.sub.1-4) alkoxy or a nitrogen-containing, basic substituent, andR.sup.4 is hydrogen or hydroxy,are useful in treating diarrhoea and scours.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to 2-arylethyl ether or thioether derivatives represented by the following general formula [I]: ##STR1## wherein Ar stands for an aryl group, R.sup.1 stands for straight or branched chain alkyl group of 1 to 6 carbons, R.sup.2 stands for a hydrogen atom, or a methyl or ethyl group, R.sup.3 stands for a halogen atom, or a methyl or methoxyl group, R.sup.4 stands for a hydrogen or halogen atom, or a lower alkyl or lower alkoxy group, and n is an integer of 1 or 2 with the proviso that when n is 2, the groups R.sup.4 may be the same or different, and Y stands for an oxygen or sulfur atom, and also to processes for the preparation of these ethers or thioethers and a use of these ethers or thioethers.These compounds of the present invention have excellent insecticidal and acaricidal activities while the toxicity of these compounds are very low.
Abstract:
1,6-Dialkyl-3-substituted-4-nitrophenyl-4,7-dihydropyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine-5-carboxylic acid esters as Ca blocker having potent antihypertensive and coronary vasodilating actions and useful in treatment of diseases in circulatory system such as angina pectoris, hypertension, cerebrovascular dysfunction, arrhythmia, etc. with no systole inhibitory action, prepared from nitrobenzylideneacetoacetic acid esters on reaction with 3-substituted-5-amino-1-alkylpyrazoles.
Abstract:
A method for the total synthesis of cyclosporins, in particular Cyclosporin A, cyclosporins produced in accordance with the method of the invention and novel intermediates, in particular novel [1S, 2R, 3R]- and [1R, 2S, 3S]-1-nitrilo-1-carbonyl-3-methyl-2-oxy-heptanes and -hept-5-enes, employed in the method of the invention.
Abstract:
New polyhalogenoaromatic compounds of Formula I ##STR1## wherein Y and Z are each independently alkyl, alkoxy or alkanoyl each of 1 to 12 C atoms, --COOR.sup.1, --O--CO--R.sup.1, CN, NO.sub.2, NH.sub.2 or OH;Q is one or two identical or different radicals selected from Ph, Cy, 1,4-bicyclo[2,2,2]octylene or 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl;X.sup.1 to X.sup.4 are each independently H, F, Cl or Br;R.sup.1 is alkyl of 1 to 4 C atoms, Ph--R.sup.2 or Cy--R.sup.2 ;R.sup.2 is alkyl or alkoxy each of 1-12 C atoms or CN;Ph is 1,4-phenylene; and Cy is 1,4-cyclohexylene,can be used as components of liquid-crystal dielectrics.
Abstract:
Preparation of 3,3'- or 3,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane by catalytically reducing and dechlorinating, in the presence of a reduction catalyst, a dinitrobenzophenone compound having the formula ##STR1## wherein X is chlorine and attached to a position 4 or 6 on the benzene ring, and Y is hydrogen or chlorine with the proviso that when Y is hydrogen, the nitro group is attached to a position 3' or 4', and when Y is chlorine, Y is attached to a position 4' and the nitro group is attached to a position 3'.
Abstract:
A reactor for nitration of saturated hydrocarbons having less than five con atoms, alone or in admixture, in the gaseous phase under pressure is made up of a reaction enclosure, in which a tube or pipe bank is in contact with a heated fluid of high heat-exchange capacity. The inside perimeter of the tubes does not exceed 800 mm, and if circular not in excess of 250 mm, and the ratio of the surface of the tube bank, in contact with the reaction medium, to the volume of the reaction enclosure is 1:1 to 3:1.The reactor apparatus further includes a mechanical means to uniformly distribute the delivery of reaction medium gases to the various tubes of the bank so that the load difference between the most loaded tube and that of the least loaded tube is equal to 10% at the most.The reactor also includes a tube bank injector which feeds the tube bank to assure homogeneous mixing of all the reaction fluids in the tube bank.