Abstract:
A method of improving the accuracy and reproducibility of non-invasive measurments of a concentration of a constituent of interest carried in a body part has been developed. The method relies on elevating the body part during the measurement cycle so that the body part is maintained above the heart during the measurement cycle. Measurements of the constituent during an arterial pulse leads to improved intra-run and run-to-run determinations.
Abstract:
A new non-invasive non-spectrophotometric method for measuring the blood concentration of analytes such as glucose has been developed. The apparatus and methods of the invention exploit analogies with colorimetry and color perception to extract concentration measurements from the global structure of the intensity versus wavelength absorbance or transmission profile. A plurality of broad spectrum filters transmit distinguishably coded beams of radiation in overlapping portions of the spectrum to the sample. Radiation reflected or transmitted by the sample is detected and decoded. LED's may be used instead of the broad spectrum radiation generating device and the filters. Further, a scanning interferometer can be used as the illuminating and coding device. In a preferred mode, congruent illumination is utilized. The coded signals are analyzed by analogy to colorimetry and visual processing and can be converted into concentration measurements.
Abstract:
A new non-invasive non-spectrophotometric method for measuring the blood concentration of analytes such as glucose has been developed. The apparatus and methods of the invention exploit analogies with colorimetry and color perception to extract concentration measurements from the global structure of the intensity versus wavelength absorbance or transmission profile. A plurality of broad spectrum filters transmit distinguishably coded beams of radiation in overlapping portions of the spectrum to the sample. Radiation reflected or transmitted by the sample is detected and decoded. LED's may be used instead of the broad spectrum radiation generating device and the filters. Further, a scanning interferometer can be used as the illuminating and coding device. In a preferred mode, congruent illumination is utilized. The coded signals are analyzed by analogy to colorimetry and visual processing and can be converted into concentration measurements.
Abstract:
A method of improving the accuracy and reproducibility of non-invasive measurements of a concentration of a constituent of interest carried in a body part has been developed. The method relies on elevating the body part during the measurement cycle so that the body part is maintained above the heart during the measurement cycle. Measurements of the constituent during an arterial pulse leads to improved intra-run and run-to-tun determinations.
Abstract:
The absence of a defined optical pathlength for in vivo measurements creates problems for the noninvasive measurement of analyte concentration. These problems can be reduced by combining measurements made at several wavelengths and using the fact that normal renal function causes the concentration of water in whole blood to be tightly controlled. Hence, the concentration of water in arterial blood can serve as a useful internal standard for such measurements. The measurements are then procured so as to remove the dependency of concentration on path length traversed by the illuminating radiation and on the scattering properties of the volume through which the illuminating radiation propagates. Using this method, one can create improved calibration for measurements of absorbing constituents in arterial blood and thereby provide absolute concentration measurements of constituents such as hemoglobin and glucose in arterial blood.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus of that utilizes a reflective enclosure to simulate optical homogeneity in an otherwise inhomogeneous sample. The illumination sources and sample are placed within the reflective enclosure, thus providing a method for examining a sample that is different from transmission, reflection or transflection. This apparatus and method are particularly well adapted to in vivo non-invasive testing for constituents of blood.
Abstract:
The invention provides non-invasive methods and apparati for measurement of the concentration of a selected constituent of a subject's blood. The invention cools a segment of the subject's tympanic membrane (10) and employs the thermal radiation that the subject's inner ear emits and is transmitted through this cold segment to directly obtain absorption information related to the concentration of various constituents of blood flowing through the membrane. In particular, the invention utilizes optical devices (16, 18, 22) inserted into the external ear cavity to direct a portion of the transmitted radiation onto an infrared detection and analysis device (24, 36). The signal from the detection device (24) is analyzed to obtain the concentration of the constituent of interest. The invention can employ both traditional spectrophotometric techniques and also non-spectrophotometric techniques to derive the concentration of a particular constituent.
Abstract:
A non-invasive detection method for glucose and other constituents of interest in a sample is described. The apparatus and methods of the invention provide an analog of color perception of human vision, preferably in the near infrared region, replacing the spectrophotometers used in other non-invasive near infrared detection methods. A plurality of detection units are used, each covering a broad region of the detected spectrum, paralleling color perception and colorimetry. In some circumstances, a neural net is used for analysis, allowing the system to learn. Analyte concentrations in scattering mediums can be obtained by calibrating the results with in vitro measurements.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a method and apparatus that utilizes a reflective enclosure (10) to stimulate optical homogeneity in an otherwise inhomogeneous sample. The illumination sources (20) and sample are placed within the reflective enclosure (10), thus providing a method for examining a sample that is different from transmission, reflection or transflection. This apparatus and method are particularly well adapted to in vivo non-invasive testing for constituents of blood.