Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for the continuous production of an amine by reacting a primary or secondary alcohol, aldehyde and/or ketone with hydrogen and a nitrogen compound, selected from the group comprising ammonia, and primary and secondary amines, at a temperature of between 60 and 300°C, in the presence of a catalyst containing copper and aluminium oxide, wherein the reaction takes place in the gas phase and the catalytically active mass of the catalyst before the reduction thereof with hydrogen contains between 20 and 75 wt. % of aluminium oxide (AI 2 O 3 ), between 20 and 75 wt. % of oxygen-containing compounds of copper, as CuO, between 0 and 2 wt. % of oxygen-containing compounds of sodium, as Na 2 O, and less than 5 wt. % of oxygen-containing compounds of nickel, as NiO. The catalyst moulded body has a tablet shape with a diameter of between 1 and 4 mm and a height of between 1 and 4 mm.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing olefinically unsaturated carbonyl compounds by oxidative dehydrogenation in an oxygen-containing atmosphere on a supported catalyst which contains gold and optionally additional noble metals, at temperatures in the range of 50 to 240°C.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing optically active menthol from geraniol, nerol, or mixtures of geraniol and nerol by a) enantioselectively hydrogenating geraniol, nerol, or mixtures of geraniol and nerol to optically active citronellol, b) reacting the obtained optically active citronellol to optically active citronellal, c) cyclizing the obtained optically active citronellal to a mixture containing optically active isopulegol, and d) eliminating optically active isopulegol from the obtained mixture and hydrogenating the same to optically active menthol or hydrogenating the optically active isopulegol contained in the mixture to optically active menthol and eliminating the obtained optically active menthol from the mixture obtained as hydrogenation product.
Abstract:
A process for catalytically hydrogenating methylolalkanals of the general formula (I) in which R1 and R2 are each independently a further methylol group or an alkyl group having from 1 to 22 carbon atoms or an aryl or aralkyl group having from 6 to 33 carbon atoms, in the liquid phase over a hydrogenation catalyst, which comprises setting a pH of from 7.0 to 9.0 in the hydrogenation effluent by adding at least one tertiary amine, an inorganic base or an inorganic or organic acid to the hydrogenation feed.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing butadiene from n-butane, comprising the steps of A) providing an input gas flow a containing n-butane; B) feeding said input gas flow a containing n-butane into at least one first dehydrogenation zone and dehydrogenating n-butane in a non-oxidative catalytic manner, whereby a product gas flow b containing n-butane, 1-butene, 2-butene, butadiene, hydrogen, low-boiling secondary components, and optional steam is obtained; C) feeding the product gas flow b resulting from the non-oxidative catalytic dehydrogenation process and an oxygen-containing gas into at least one second dehydrogenation zone and oxidatively dehydrogenating 1-butene and 2-butene, whereby a product gas flow c containing n-butane, 2-butene, butadiene, hydrogen, low-boiling secondary components, and steam is obtained, said second product gas flow c having a higher butadiene content than product gas flow b; D) eliminating hydrogen, the low-boiling secondary components, and steam, whereby a C4 product gas flow d essentially comprising n-butane, 2-butene, and butadiene is obtained; E) separating the C4 product gas flow d into a recirculation flow e1 essentially comprising n-butane and 2-butene and a valuable product flow e2 substantially comprising butadiene by means of extractive distillation; F) feeding flow e1 essentially comprising n-butane and 2-butene as well as a circulating flow g containing 1-butene and 2-butene into a distillation zone and separating the same into a 1-butene-rich valuable product flow f1, a recirculation flow f2 containing 2-butene and n-butane, and a flow f3 containing 2-butene, and redirecting the recirculation flow f2 into the first dehydrogenation zone; G) feeding flow f3 containing 2-butene into an isomerization zone and isomerizing 2-butene to 1-butene, whereby a circulating flow g containing 1-butene and 2-butene is obtained, and redirecting the circulating gas flow g into the distillation zone.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing 1-butene by feeding an n-butane containing feed gas flow (a) to a dehydration zone and dehydrating the n-butane, thereby obtaining a product gas flow (b); removing hydrogen and low-boiling secondary constituents, thereby obtaining a C4 product gas flow (c); separating the C4 product gas flow (c) into an n-butane containing return flow and a 1-butene, 2-butene and butadiene containing flow (d2) by extractive distillation and returning the return flow to the dehydration zone; feeding the flow (d2) to a selective hydration zone and selectively hydrating butadiene to give 1-butene and/or 2-butene, thereby obtaining a 1-butene and 2-butene containing flow (4); feeding the flow (e) and a 1-butene and 2-butene containing circular flow to a distillation zone and removing a 1-butene containing value product flow, thereby leaving a 2-butene containing flow (f2); feeding the flow (f2) to an isomerization zone and isomerizing 2-butene to give 1-butene, thereby obtaining the circular flow, and returning the same to the distillation zone.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing butadiene from n-butane, comprising the steps of A) providing an input gas flow a containing n-butane; B) feeding said input gas flow a containing n-butane into at least one first dehydrogenation zone and dehydrogenating n-butane in a non-oxidative catalytic manner, whereby a product gas flow b containing n-butane, 1-butene, 2-butene, butadiene, hydrogen, low-boiling secondary components, and optional steam is obtained; C) feeding the product gas flow b resulting from the non-oxidative catalytic dehydrogenation process and an oxygen-containing gas into at least one second dehydrogenation zone and oxidatively dehydrogenating 1-butene and 2-butene, whereby a product gas flow c containing n-butane, 2-butene, butadiene, hydrogen, low-boiling secondary components, and steam is obtained, said second product gas flow c having a higher butadiene content than product gas flow b; D) eliminating hydrogen, the low-boiling secondary components, and steam, whereby a C4 product gas flow d essentially comprising n-butane, 2-butene, and butadiene is obtained; E) feeding the C4 product gas flow d into a distillation zone and separating a butadiene/butane mixture as a valuable product flow e1 such that a flow e2 substantially comprising n-butane and 2-butene remains; F) redirecting flow e2 into the first dehydrogenation zone.