Abstract:
A method for preparing a silver impregnation solution comprises (a) charging a neutralization reactor R1 with an aqueous organic amine; (b) adding oxalic acid powder through a first feeding conduit to the neutralization reactor R1 to obtain an aqueous oxalic acid-organic amine solution; (c) directing the aqueous oxalic acid-organic amine solution from the neutralization reactor to a complexation reactor R2; (d) adding particulate silver oxide through a second feeding conduit to the complexation reactor R2 to obtain a silver impregnation solution; and, optionally, (e) subjecting the silver impregnation solution to filtration. The silver impregnation solution is used for producing a catalyst effective in the oxidative conversion of ethylene to ethylene oxide. The method allows for the preparation of a silver impregnation solution in an efficient and occupationally and environmentally safe way. Security hazards which can occur when oxalic acid and silver oxide are added to an aqueous amine solution using the same powder feeding equipment or the same reactor are avoided.
Abstract:
A process for producing a silver-based epoxidation catalyst, comprising i) impregnating a particulate porous refractory support with a first aqueous silver impregnation solution comprising silver ions and an aminic complexing agent selected from amines, alkanolamines and amino acids; ii) converting at least part of the silver ions impregnated on the refractory support to metallic silver by heating while directing a stream of a first gas over the impregnated refractory support to obtain an intermediate catalyst, wherein the first gas comprises at least 5 vol.-% oxygen; iii) impregnating the intermediate catalyst with a second aqueous silver impregnation solution comprising silver ions, an aminic complexing agent selected from amines, alkanolamines and amino acids, and one or more transition metal promoters, in particular rhenium; and iv) converting at least part of the silver ions impregnated on the intermediate catalyst to metallic silver by heating while directing a stream of a second gas over the impregnated intermediate catalyst to obtain the epoxidation catalyst, wherein the second gas comprises at most 2.0 vol.-% oxygen, wherein the impregnated refractory support and the impregnated intermediate catalyst are each heated to a temperature of 200 to 800 °C. The process of the invention surprisingly allows for obtaining a catalyst with high selectivity in a cost-efficient manner. The invention also relates to a silver-based epoxidation catalyst obtainable by such a process, and to a process for producing an alkylene oxide by gas-phase oxidation of an alkylene, comprising reacting an alkylene and oxygen in the presence of a silver-based epoxidation catalyst obtainable by the above process.
Abstract:
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft Verfahren, umfassend mindestens die Schritte (A) chemische Reaktion mindestens einer organischen Verbindung in Gegenwart mindestens eines heterogenen Katalysators in einem Reaktionsgemisch, und (B) Abtrennen des mindestens einen heterogenen Katalysators mit einem Magnetfilter, sowie die Verwendung eines Magnetfilters zum Abtrennen von Katalysatorpartikeln in einem Verfahren zur Hydrierung wenigstens einer organischen Verbindung.
Abstract:
The invention relates to methods comprising at least the steps: (A) chemical reaction of at least one organic compound in the presence of at least one heterogenic catalyst in a reaction mixture; and (B) separation of the at least one heterogenic catalyst using a magnetic filter. The invention also relates to the use of a magnetic filter for separating catalyst particles in a method for the hydrogenation of at least one organic compound.
Abstract:
A method for producing carbon monoxide comprises allowing carbon-providing particles to flow downwardly under gravity flow as a particle bed through a reaction zone; heating the particles in the reaction zone to a temperature of at least 800 °C; feeding a feed gas stream comprising carbon dioxide through the reaction zone in counter current to the particles flow, whereby carbon-depleted particles are obtained; withdrawing the carbon-depleted particles from the reaction zone; and withdrawing a product gas stream comprising carbon monoxide from the reaction zone. The process allows for improved heat integration.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing a solid sodium diformate preparation having a minimum formic acid concentration of 35 percent by weight relative to the total weight of the sodium diformate preparation. According to said method, an aqueous solution having a molar ratio HCOOH: HCOONa of more than 1.5:1 and a molar ratio HCOOH: H2O of at least 1.1:1 is produced from sodium formate and at least 74 percent by weight of formic acid at an elevated temperature, the aqueous solution is crystallized, and the solid phase is separated from the mother liquor. (i) A partial amount (A) of the mother liquor is used during the production of the aqueous solution while (ii) a partial amount (B) of the mother liquor is mixed with a sodium-containing base and the obtained sodium formate-containing mixture is also used during the production of the aqueous solution, optionally after separating a portion of the same and optionally after concentrating the same, the partial amounts (A) and (B) of the mother liquor amounting to 100 percent by weight.