Abstract:
A solid state pressure sensor (35) utilizes a brittle diaphragm (36) made of a material such as silicon, which is mounted between base plates of glass (37, 38), and which deflects in response to pressure. The base plates (37, 38) of glass can have recesses (37A, 37B) formed therein to receive the diaphragm (36) and provide a full support across the diaphragm (36) under overpressure conditions to prevent overstressing the diaphragm (36), or the diaphragm (36) can have such contoured surfaces (45, 46) for forming overpressure stop surfaces against the facing base plate (37, 38). The diaphragm (36) has grooves (43, 44) defining a central portion (41) that deflects, and whereby the grooves (43, 44) will form webs (42) joining the central portion (41) to an outer rim (40) so that the diaphragm (36) acts similarly to a ''free edge'' diaphragm in its deflection characteristics. The grooves (43, 44) defining the webs (42) can have various configurations for achieving the results desired.
Abstract:
An industrial process control transmitter (10) has a modular construction, with a detector module (16) and an output module (18) electrically connected together by a serial bus (20). The output module (18) includes a microcomputer (40), a modem (44) for digital communication over the two-wire loop, analog output circuitry (46) for controlling loop current, a digital-to-analog converter (48), and a memory (50) for storing calibration factors and D/A characterization factors. The detector module (16) includes several sensors (24, 28, 34) with associated circuitry (26, 32, 36) to convert the sensor signals to digital signals. The detector module (16) also includes a memory (38) which contains characterization factors unique to the sensors (24, 28, 34) which can be used by the microcomputer (40) to correct the digital values provided by the detector circuitry (26, 32, 36).
Abstract:
A purging air flow system for passing air over a lens (28) to keep it clean and free from particulate contaminants and also for providing a positive flow of air away from the lens (28) has baffles (58A-58D, 96, 104) which cause a flow across the lens (28) that is not symmetrical to avoid a dead air or stagnation zone in the center of the lens (28). The air supply used for such purging is controlled adequately so the flow changes direction and particules are removed from the main flow of purge air by inertial separation prior to the time the air contacts the lens (28). Such air entrained particles might otherwise deposit on the lens (28). A flow control orifice (65) also may provide a secondary flow to carry the particle separated from the main flow out of the flow passageway (39).
Abstract:
A modular transmitter (10) has an outer housing (11) with a wall (12) forming an interior cavity (13) in which a control module is inserted. The wall (12) has one or more ports (37, 41) therein that are connected to pressure conduits. When the control module (25) is fully seated, the ports (37, 41) aligned with internal passageways (50, 51) in the control module (25) that lead to control components (46, 47) in the control module (25). The control module (25) further has an electrical circuit (70) supported on an end thereof that is toward the inner end of the cavity (13) when the control module (25) is inserted and the circuit has components (74, 75, 80) that removably mate with further elements (86, 87) mounted on the end wall (14) of the cavity (13). These connections may include electrical contacts (80), and also rotationally adjustable components (74, 75, 80) that have set points and which are coupled to set point adjustment and control shafts (86, 87) that are accessible from the opposite side of the end wall (14) from the cavity (13). The coupling (82, 83) to the rotatable shafts permits not only rotationally driving the circuit components, but also accommodates some offset or misalignment between the two parts. Preferably, the coupling (82, 83) is a hook and loop type fastener that has two portions which can be separated in an axial direction, and will easily recouple for driving.
Abstract:
A two wire transmitter (10) controls loop current as a function of a sensed parameter such as pressure or temperature using analog sensing and signal processing circuitry. Corrections, such as for zero, span, and linearity are provided in the form of analog correction signals by a digital circuit which includes a nonvolatile memory (36), a microcomputer (32), and a digitial-to-analog (D/A) converter (26). The microprocessor (32) controls the D/A converter (26) as a function of stored digital correction values to produce the analog correction signals used by the analog signal processing circuitry to control the magnitude of the loop current flowing through the two wire transmitter (10).
Abstract:
A short multiple static pressure sensing probe (10) that is compenstated for both subsonic and supersonic speeds in the same probe and a family of such probes for different aircraft with each of the probes in the family having a common barrel (14) configuration except for the final shaping of compensation surfaces (51, 52, 53, 54) and the location of static pressure sensing ports (23, 35). In an assembly operation, heaters (46) and interconnecting wires, bulkheads (19, 32, 33) and pressure tubing (18, 37) are arranged, internal to the probe, to be clear of predetermined areas in which static pressure ports may be located. In a finishing operation, compensation surfaces (51, 52, 53, 54) are produced and static pressure ports (23, 35) are created at selected locations in the predetermined areas, thus avoiding damage to internal parts. A preferred arrangement of compensation surfaces (51, 52, 53, 54) facilitates multiple subsonic and supersonic compensation by providing at least two regions of relatively constant, but selectable, supersonic compensation pressures that coincide along the length of the barrel (14) with two regions of variable subsonic pressures. The supersonic compensation in this preferred arrangement is adjusted to the desired levels by selecting two of the compensation surfaces (51, 52, 53, 54). The subsonic compensation is then adjusted by selecting a second two of the compensation surfaces (51, 52, 53, 54) and the location of the static pressure ports (23, 35).
Abstract:
A sensor which provides an output signal representative of a parameter such as presure, includes a reflector (30), a lens (20) and a waveguide (11) which are relatively movable as a function of the parameter. Light from a light source (40) is transmitted by the waveguide (11) toward the reflector (30). The lens (20), which is positioned between the waveguide (11) and the reflector (30) directs the light from the waveguide (11) to the reflector (30) and focuses the reflected light proximate a receiving surface (58) of the waveguide. A sensor housing (15) supports the waveguide (11), lens (20) and reflector (30) so that a relative physical displacement between the waveguide (11), lens (20) and reflector (30) occurs which is responsive to the parameter. The light received by the waveguide (11) at its receiving surface (58) is a function of the relative physical displacement, and thus a function of the parameter. The waveguide (11) transmits the received light to a light detector (59) which produces an electrical output signal which is a function of the received light and therefore of the parameter.
Abstract:
Un détecteur de pression capacitif possède un organe de diaphragme (12), une partie duquel est conductrice et forme une première électrode de condensateur (18A). Le détecteur possède également un organe de disque de référence (14) dont une partie est conductrice et forme une deuxième électrode capacitive (28A). L'organe de diaphragme (12) et l'organe de disque de référence (14) sont maintenus dans une relation d'espacement l'un sur l'autre au moyen d'un organe d'entretoise périphérique (16). En réponse à la pression, l'organe de diaphragme (12) se déforme par rapport à l'organe de disque de référence (14) modifiant ainsi l'écartement capacitif entre l'organe de diaphragme (12) et l'organe de disque de référence (14). L'organe de diaphragme (12), l'organe de disque de référence (14) et l'organe d'entretoise (16) se composent sensiblement du même matériau. L'organe d'entretoise (16) est disposé entre l'organe de diaphragme (12) et l'organe de disque de référence (14) à proximité de leurs bords extérieurs et l'organe de diaphragme (12), l'organe de disque de référence (14) et l'organe d'entretoise (16) sont ensuite soudés ensemble.
Abstract:
A device (40) in a process control system (2) includes a memory (48) for storing a series of sensed process variables and command outputs representative of a learned process cycle. Comparison circuitry (80) compares recent process information to learned process information stored in the memory (48) and responsively provides a validity output signal. A method includes learning a cycle of a process to provide learned process information which comprises stored process variables and stored control signals over a time period, measuring a process variable in the process and responsively calculating the control output, storing the process variable in the control output to provide recent process information, and comparing the recent process information to the learned process information and responsively providing a validity output signal.
Abstract:
A transmitter (100) in a process control system includes a resistance sensor (110) sensing a process variable and providing a sensor output. Sensor monitoring circuitry (116) coupled to the sensor (110) provides a secondary signal related to the sensor (110). Analog-to-digital conversion circuitry (114) coupled to the sensor output and the sensor monitoring circuitry (116) provides a digitized sensor output and a digitized secondary signal. Output circuitry (124) coupled to a process control loop (102, 104) transmits a residual life estimate related to residual life of the sensor. A memory stores a set of expected results (120) related to the secondary signal and to the sensor (110). Diagnostic circuitry (118) provides the residual life estimate as a function of the expected results (120) stored in the memory, the digitized sensor output and the digitized secondary signal.