Abstract:
Filtereinheit (10) zum Filtern von Licht, wobei eine erste Maske (3), eine Prismeneinheit (7) und eine zweite Maske (8) vorgesehen sind. Die Prismeneinheit (7) ist zwischen den beiden Masken (3, 8) angeordnet, wobei die erste (3) und die zweite Maske (8) korrespondierende Öffnungen aufweisen und ein Öffnungspaar bilden. Für mindestens ein Öffnungspaar ist ein Prisma in der Prismeneinheit (7) vorgesehen. Damit wird eine präzise und schmalbandige Filtereinheit erhalten. Des Weiteren sind eine Anordnung mit der Filtereinheit sowie eine Vorrichtung zum Erfassen von Bildern angegeben.
Abstract:
There is provided spectral discrimination apparatus for use in a scanning optical microscope, the spectral discrimination apparatus comprising dispersive means (31) and frequency selective means including a rotatable disc (36) or discs. The discs are formed with apertures or spiral slots which, on rotation of the disc or discs, controls the frequency of light transmitted by the apparatus. The apparatus includes a detector (39) for receiving light from the frequency selective means. The, or each, rotatable disc (36) is positioned at an aperture plane after the dispersive means (31), although this is not essential if the rotatable disc has its outer periphery shaped to provide a cam surface engaged by a cam follower. There is also provided a method of spectral discrimination in a scanning optical microscope, comprising dispersing the light and passing the light through frequency selective means in which the form of rotating discs controls the frequency of transmitted light.
Abstract:
A curved mirrored surface (78) is used to collect radiation scattered by a sample surface (76a) and originating from a normal illumination beam (70) and an oblique illumination beam (90). The collected radiation is focused to a detector (80). Scattered radiation originating from the normal and oblique illumination beams may be distinguished by employing radiation at two different wavelengths, by intentionally introducing an offset between the spots illuminated by the two beams or by switching the normal and oblique illumination beams (70, 90) on and off alternately. Beam position error caused by change in sample height may be corrected by detecting specular reflection of an oblique illumination beam and changing the direction of illumination in response thereto. Butterfly-shaped spatial filters may be used in conjunction with curved mirror radiation collectors 78 to restrict detection to certain azimuthal angles.
Abstract:
Illuminators and systems are provided that permit the production of a beam of electromagnetic radiation having a selected peak wavelength band width, intensity, pulse frequency and pulse duration for a variety of analytical and therapeutic applications. The multiple beam illuminators (100) use filter elements arranged into filter arrays (309-311), having characteristic wavelength absorption. By providing a series of filter arrays (220) formed into a tracks having defined wavelength offsets, radiation passing through a portion of a track can be modified to include selected wavelength and bandwidth. Selection of a peak wavelength(s) and bandwidth can be accomplished using mechanical interrupter (152), mechanical shutter (1708), or electro-optical device (2000) including liquid crystal device. Multiple output beams (132,136) permit the coordinated illumination of a target, and sensors (601a-601c) provide feedback regarding the effects of illumination of the target. Computer storage devices (606), programs (604), and controllers (603) can provide easy selection of the characteristics of the output beams. Output beams (605) can have a variety of different shapes and configurations, depending on the desired application.
Abstract:
Verfahrenund Anordnung zur einstellbaren Veränderung von Beleuchtungslicht und/oder Probenlicht bezüglich seiner spektralen Zusammensetzung und/oder Intensität, wobei mit ersten Polarisationsmitteln (Pol1) eine räumliche Trennung in Strahlungsanteile unterschiedlicher Polarisation erfolgt, mit ersten Dispersionsmittel (Disp1) eine spektrale räumliche Aufspaltung mindestens eines Strahlungsanteils vorgenommen wird, der Polarisationszustand mindestens eines Teils des spektral räumlich aufgespaltenenen Strahlungsanteils verändert wird und über zweite Polarisationsmittel (Pol2) eine räumlichen Trennung und/oder Zusammenführung von Strahlungsanteilen unterschiedlicher Polarisation vorgenommen wird, wobei vorteilhaft eine räumliche Zusammenführung von bezüglich ihres Polarisationszustandes veränderten und nicht veränderten Strahlungsanteilen durch zweite Dispersionsmittel (Disp2) erfolgt.
Abstract:
An optical detection device for validating bank rates has several input apertures, an imaging device (12), a diffraction grating (15.1, 15.2, 15.3) associated with each input aperture (11.1, 11.2, 11.3) and a detection array (17). The diffraction grating (15.1, 15.2, 15.3) is rotated at angle of e.g.45 degrees relative to the orientation of the linear detection array (17). This arrangement enables the spectra of multiple points to be measured simultaneously. The angle of rotation, the pitch of the apertures (11.1, 11.2, 11.3) and a pitch of the diffraction grating (15.1, 15.2, 15,3) are selected in such a way that the spectra of sad multiple points are contiguously mapped onto the detection array (17) has a single linear array of color sensitive detection pixels. The acxis of the linear array is offset with respect to an optical axis (7) of the optical detection device.
Abstract:
A colorimeter capable of calibrating color monitors, is provided by a photometric array of photodetectors (38) and opticlal filter pairs (50). The filters include long-pass, edge filters which cover overlapping regions at the upper end of the visible spectrum and a filter which covers the entire visible spectrum. The outputs of the photodetectors are digitally synthesized to provide a response which mimics the response established by the Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage (CIE) xyz (bar) functions almost perfectly. The response which is mimicked may be represented by the CIE color matching functions. The pairs and the associated components are mounted on a printed circuit board (32) captured in a clamshell housing and having an array of apertures which define angularly constrained fields of view of a surface from which the light emanates.
Abstract:
Encoded spatio-spectral information processing is performed using a system having a radiation source (12), wavelength dispersion device (16) and two-dimensional switching array (18), such as digital micro-mirror array (DMA). In one aspect, spectral components from a sample (24) are dispersed in space and modulated separately by the switching array, each element of which may operate according to a predetermined encoding pattern. The encoded spectral components can then be detected and analyzed. In a different aspect, the switching array (18) can be used to provide a controllable radiation source for illuminating a sample (24) with radiation patterns that have predetermined characteristics and separately encoded components. Various applications are disclosed.
Abstract:
An ellipsometer for analyzing a sample (2) using a broad range of wavelengths includes a light source (4) for generating a beam of polychromatic light for interacting with the sample (2). A polarizer (6) polarizes the light beam before the light beam (14) interacts with the sample (2). A rotating compensator (8) induces phase retardations of a polarization state of the light beam. The range of wavelengths and the compensator (8) are such that at least a first phase retardation value is induced that is within a primary range of effective retardations of substantially 90° to 180°. An analyzer (10) interacts with the light beam after the light beam interacts with the sample (2). A detector (12) measures the intensity of light after interacting with the analyzer (10) as a function of compensator angle and of wavelength, preferably at all wavelengths simultaneously. A processor (23) determines the polarization state of the light, after interacting with the analyzer (10), from the light intensities measured by the detector (12).