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    Process for preparing multiply fluorinated nitrobenzenes
    351.
    发明授权
    Process for preparing multiply fluorinated nitrobenzenes 失效
    多氟化硝基苯的制备方法

    公开(公告)号：US5502260A

    公开(公告)日：1996-03-26

    申请号：US276951

    申请日：1994-07-19

    Applicant: Thomas Schach ,  Theodor Papenfuhs

    Inventor： Thomas Schach ,  Theodor Papenfuhs

    IPC: B01J31/02 ,  C07B61/00 ,  C07C201/12 ,  C07C205/12 ,  C07C201/02

    CPC classification number: C07C201/12

    Abstract: Multiply, preferably doubly or triply, fluorinated nitrobenzenes are prepared in an advantageous way from the corresponding chloronitrobenzenes and an alkali metal fluoride in a chlorine-fluorine exchange reaction by catalyzing the reaction with a quaternary ammonium compound comprising at least one alkoxypolyoxyalkyl radical.

    Abstract translation: 通过催化与包含至少一个烷氧基聚氧烷基的季铵化合物的反应，以有利的方式从相应的氯硝基苯和碱金属氟化物在氯 - 氟交换反应中制备双重或三重的氟化硝基苯。

    Nitration of alkanols
    352.
    发明授权
    Nitration of alkanols 失效
    链烷醇的硝化

    公开(公告)号：US5162568A

    公开(公告)日：1992-11-10

    申请号：US180638

    申请日：1988-04-06

    Applicant: Charles F. Douty

    Inventor： Charles F. Douty

    IPC: C07C201/02 ,  C07C203/04

    CPC classification number: C07C201/02

    Abstract: A process for nitrating alkanols containing 5-13 carbon atoms is disclosed. The nitation takes place at 15.degree.-45.degree. C. using a mixed acid containing 20-30% nitric acid, 55-60% sulfuric acid and 15-20% water, and 2-5%, based on mixed acid, of a stabilizer selected from the class consisting of urea, sulfamic acid and hydrazine.

    Abstract translation: 公开了一种用于硝化含有5-13个碳原子的链烷醇的方法。 使用含有20-30％硝酸，55-60％硫酸和15-20％水的混合酸和基于混合酸的2-5％的混合酸，在15°-45℃下进行该反应， 稳定剂选自尿素，氨基磺酸和肼类。

    Process for the production of high energy materials
    353.
    发明授权
    Process for the production of high energy materials 失效
    高能材料生产工艺

    公开(公告)号：US4985584A

    公开(公告)日：1991-01-15

    申请号：US923054

    申请日：1986-10-27

    Applicant: Ross W. Millar ,  Norman C. Paul ,  David H. Richards

    Inventor： Ross W. Millar ,  Norman C. Paul ,  David H. Richards

    IPC: C06B25/00 ,  C07C201/02 ,  C07C203/04 ,  C07C203/06 ,  C07C203/08 ,  C07D251/66 ,  C07F9/6593 ,  C08C19/40

    CPC classification number: C07D251/66 ,  C06B25/00 ,  C07C201/02 ,  C07C243/02 ,  C07C253/30 ,  C07C269/06 ,  C07C273/1854 ,  C07C277/00 ,  C07F9/65815 ,  C08C19/40

    Abstract: A process for the production of a high energy nitrate ester involves reacting, in an inert organic solvent, a heterocyclic compound, selected from oxiranes, oxetanes, N-substituted aziridines and N-substituted azetidines, with either N.sub.2 O.sub.4 or N.sub.2 O.sub.5, and when the compound is reacted with N.sub.2 O.sub.4, oxidizing the O- or N-nitrate substituents or substituent in the product to O- or N-nitrate substituent or substituents. The remaining ring carbon atoms on the heterocyclic compound may be substituted or unsubstituted. Preferred substituent groups for the C and/or N ring atoms on the compound include alkyl, cyanoalkyl, haloalkyl, nitroalkyl, and substituted aryl.Several novel nitrate ester are also provided, including nitrated derivatives of polybutadiene, in which between 1% and 25% of the carbon atoms in the polymer are substituted by vicinal nitrate ester (--ONO.sub.2) groups.

    Abstract translation: 制备高能硝酸酯的方法包括在惰性有机溶剂中使选自环氧乙烷，氧杂环丁烷，N-取代的氮丙啶和N-取代的氮杂环丁烷与杂环化合物与N 2 O 4或N 2 O 5反应，当化合物 与N2O4反应，将产物中的O-或N-硝酸盐取代基或取代基氧化成O-或N-硝酸盐取代基。 杂环化合物上的剩余环碳原子可以是取代或未取代的。 化合物上C和/或N环原子的优选取代基包括烷基，氰基烷基，卤代烷基，硝基烷基和取代的芳基。 还提供了几种新的硝酸酯，包括聚丁二烯的硝化衍生物，其中聚合物中1％至25％的碳原子被连位硝酸酯（-ONO 2）基团取代。

    Process for the manufacture of nitric acid esters
    354.
    发明授权
    Process for the manufacture of nitric acid esters 失效
    制造硝酸酯的方法

    公开(公告)号：US4853157A

    公开(公告)日：1989-08-01

    申请号：US620624

    申请日：1984-06-14

    Applicant: Anthony J. Stiff

    Inventor： Anthony J. Stiff

    IPC: C07C67/00 ,  C07C201/00 ,  C07C201/02 ,  C07C203/02 ,  C07C203/04

    CPC classification number: C07C201/02

    Abstract: A process for the preparation of nitric acid esters of organic hydroxy compounds by reacting an organic hydroxy compound with nitric acid in the presence of both sulphuric acid and in a solvent, followed by separating off the spent acid, substantially neutralizing the residual acidity of the organic solution, and removing solvent to leave the organic nitrate. From 95% to 220% of the stoichiometric requirement of nitric acid for complete nitration is used. The mole ratio of water to sulphuric acid at the end of the reaction is from 0.2:1 to 2.5:1. From 200 to 2000 ml of solvent per mole of hydroxy group is present. Yields of at least 92% are obtained. The invention is particularly suitable for the preparation of alkyl nitrates, alkylene or polyalkylene glycol, monoalkyl ether mononitrates, alkylene or polyalkylene glycol dinitrates, diol nitrates, nitrates containing homocyclic or heterocyclic rings, or nitrates derived from polyols.

    Abstract translation: 通过有机羟基化合物与硝酸在硫酸和溶剂中的存在下反应制备有机羟基化合物的硝酸酯的方法，然后分离废酸，基本中和有机羟基化合物的残余酸度 溶液和去除溶剂以留下有机硝酸盐。 使用硝酸完全硝化的化学计量要求的95％至220％。 反应结束时水与硫酸的摩尔比为0.2：1至2.5：1。 存在每摩尔羟基200至2000ml溶剂。 产率至少为92％。 本发明特别适用于制备烷基硝酸盐，亚烷基或聚亚烷基二醇，单烷基醚单硝酸盐，亚烷基二醇二烷基二醇酯，二醇硝酸盐，含有环状或杂环的硝酸盐，或衍生自多元醇的硝酸盐。

    Purification of pentaerythritol trinitrate by crystallization
    359.
    发明授权
    Purification of pentaerythritol trinitrate by crystallization 失效
    通过结晶纯化三硼酸三戊酯

    公开(公告)号：US3806578A

    公开(公告)日：1974-04-23

    申请号：US4010060

    申请日：1960-06-30

    Applicant: DU PONT

    Inventor： BRENNECKE H

    IPC: C07C201/02 ,  C07C77/02

    CPC classification number: C07C201/02 ,  C07C203/04

    Abstract: 1. A process for the purification of pentaerythritol trinitrate which comprises adding water to a solution of pentaerythritol trinitrate in methylene chloride, cooling, with agitation, the mixture thus formed to a temperature between about -10* and about +10*C., and separating the purified pentaerythritol trinitrate in the form of hydrate crystals from the solution, the weight ratio of said methylene chloride being between about 0.5 and about 2 parts for each part of pentaerythritol trinitrate and the weight ratio of said water being at least 1 part for each 50 parts of pentaerythritol trinitrate.

    Abstract translation: 1.一种用于纯化季戊四醇三硝酸酯的方法，其包括向季戊四醇三硝酸酯的二氯甲烷溶液中加入水，在搅拌下冷却，将混合物形成至约-10℃至约+10℃的温度， 从溶液中分离纯化的季戊四醇三水合物形式的季戊四醇三水合物，对于每份季戊四醇三硝酸酯，所述二氯甲烷的重量比为约0.5至约2份，所述水的重量比对于每种季铵盐至少为1份 50份季戊四醇三硝酸酯。

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