Abstract:
Grafted polyamidoamines and polyethylene imines are produced by radically initiated polymerisation of (a) 1-vinylpyrrolidone, 1-vinyltriazol, 1-vinylimidazols, mixtures of said monomers or mixtures of at least one of said monomers with up to 20 % by weight other monoethylenically unsaturated monomers, in the presence of (b) water-soluble or water-dispersible polyamidoamines, polyethylene imines or their mixtures, the ratio by weight (a):(b) being comprises from 5:95 to 95:5. Also disclosed is a process for producing these grafted plymers, the use of the grafted polyamidoamines and polyethylene imines as additives in washing agents in order to inhibit colour transfer during the washing process and a washing agent based on surfactants which contains 0.05 to 10 % by weight of said grafted polymers.
Abstract:
The invention concerns polycocondensates of aspartic acid, obtained by condensing aspartic acid in the presence of carboxylic-group-containing polymers which include at least 10 mol % of a monoethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid polymerized into the polymer and have a molecular weight of at least 300, in the ratio by weight of 1000:1 to 2:1. The invention also concerns methods of producing such polycocondensates and the use of the polycocondensates, in a form with free acid groups or in a form with the acid groups neutralized with ammonia, amines, alkali-metal bases or alkaline-earth bases, as an additive in washing and cleaning agents, as scale inhibitors or as dispersants for finely divided solids.
Abstract:
The invention concerns polyacetal-block-containing polymers obtained by polymerizing, in the presence of initiators, carboxylic acid esters containing aldehyde groups and by reacting the polymers with at least bifunctional cross-linking agents, in the presence of acids or Lewis acids and optionally hydrolysing the ester groups thus incorporated in the polymer. The invention also concerns a method of producing polymers containing polyacetal blocks by polymerizing carboxylic acid esters containing aldehyde groups in the presence of initiators and reacting the polyacetals containing terminal hydroxy groups thus obtained with at least bifunctional cross-linking agents, in the presence of acids or Lewis acids, plus the use of the polymers thus obtained as additives in phosphate-free and phosphate-reduced washing and cleaning agents, as scale inhibitors and as dispersants for pigments.
Abstract:
The invention concerns copolymers of hydroxyalkyl vinyl ethers obtained by the cation-initiated or radical-initiated copolymerization of: (a) 99 to 1 % by wt. of hydroxyalkyl vinyl ethers; (b) 1 to 99 % by wt. of the addition products formed by the reaction of C2 to C4 alkylene oxides and hydroxyalkyl vinyl ethers and (c) 0 to 98 % by wt. of other copolymerizable monomers, as well as the use, as additives to washing and cleaning agents in proportions of from 0.1 to 50 % by wt., of such copolymers and of cation-polymerized or radical-polymerized hydroxyalkyl vinyl ethers containing, polymerized into the structure, the monomers given in (a) or (b), alone or mixed with other copolymerizable monomers.
Abstract:
Nickel-plated shaped parts are produced by galvanic precipitation of nickel from aqueous-acid baths which contain as essential constituents one or several nickel salts, one or several inorganic acids and one or several brighteners. As brighteners are used thiourea salts having general formula (I), in which R to R stand for hydrogen, C1 to C18-alkyl, which may be substituted by carboxyl groups, C1 to C4-alkoxycarbonyl groups or cyano groups, C2 to C12-alkenyl, C2 to C12-alkinyl, C5 to C8-cycloalkyl, C7 to C12-phenylalkyl or phenyl, which may be substituted by one or two C1 to C4-alkyl residues, C1 to C4-alkoxy residues, halogen atoms, hydroxyl groups, phenyl groups, phenyl residues or C1 to C4 alkoxycarbonyl groups; Y stands for a chemical bond or for linear or branched alkylene, alkenylene or alkinylene having each up to 20 C atoms; A stands for hydrogen or a group having the formulae: -CO-H, -CO-R , -CO-OH, -CO-OR , -CO-NR R , -CO-CH2-CO-OR , -O-CO-H, -O-CO-R , -NR -CO-R , -NR -CO-R , -OR , -SO2-R , -SO2-OH, -SO2-OR , -PO(PH)2, -PO(OH)(OR ), -PO(OR )2, OPO(OH)2, -OPO(PH)(PR ) or -OPO(OR )2 in which R stands for C1 to C12-alkyl, C2 to C12-alkenyl, C2 to C12-alkinyl, C5 to C8-cycloalkyl, C7 to C12-phenylalkyl or phenyl, which may be substituted by one or two C1 to C4-alkyl residues, halogen atoms, hydroxyl groups, phenyl residues or C1 to C4-alkoxycarbonyl groups; and R and R stand for hydrogen or C1 to C4-alkyl; n is a number from 1 to 4 and X stands for a water solubility-promoting, n-valent inorganic or organic anion.
Abstract:
The invention concerns the use of polymerizates containing, as the major monomer component, at least 5 % by wt. of N-(alkoxy-polyalkoxymethyl)carboxylic acid amides of monoethylenically unsaturated C3-C8 carboxylic acids as additives to low-phosphate and phosphate-free washing and cleaning agents in amounts which increase the primary and secondary washing capability of the agent, plus agents containing these polymerizates.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for coating fibre substrates selected form textile or leather substrates with the aid of at least one type of hydrophobin.