Abstract:
An object of the present invention is to provide a method for operating a reverse osmosis membrane filtration plant which enables operations including addition of bactericide, chemical cleaning, pre-treatment, and the like which are carried out for the purpose of preventing biofouling of a reverse osmosis membrane module of a reverse osmosis membrane filtration unit highly reliably, highly sensitively, rationally, rapidly and conveniently in a reverse osmosis membrane filtration plant, and the reverse osmosis membrane filtration plant. For this objection, the present invention provides a method for operating a reverse osmosis membrane filtration plant having a raw water intake unit, a pre-treatment unit, and a reverse osmosis membrane filtration unit having a reverse osmosis membrane module in this order, the method including: disposing a biofilm formation base material under conditions that reverse osmosis membrane supply water and/or reverse osmosis membrane non-permeated water in the reverse osmosis membrane filtration unit are/is flowed at a linear speed equal to a non-permeated water linear speed in the reverse osmosis membrane module of the reverse osmosis membrane filtration unit; evaluating a biofilm amount on the biofilm formation base material at a frequency of from once a day to once in six months; and controlling the method for operating a reverse osmosis membrane filtration plant based on results of the evaluation. Particularly, as the biofilm formation base material, a reverse osmosis membrane used in the reverse osmosis membrane filtration plant is used.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a porous, selectively adsorptive material selected from an Al, Ti or Zr type oxide and having a mean pore diameter of not greater than 5 nm, and a porous, selectively adsorptive material comprising an Si oxide and having a mean pore diameter of 1 to 5 nm. The material of the present invention has particularly excellent selective adsorptivity of Nox in an alumina type material.
Abstract:
PURPOSE: To effectively exert chemical and electrical actions, to easily fluidize an aq. soln., to surely collect a fine particle and to make the treating device once-through and compact by using an electret filter. CONSTITUTION: An excellent method for removing a fine particle with a high rejection rate is obtained with respect to an aq. medium contg. a fine particle, e.g. a superfine particle having
Abstract:
PURPOSE:To provide a microporous membrane which maintains adequate durabil ity under hard conditions such as solvent separation/recovery, treatment of organic vapor and high-temperature liquid, thermal sterilization and chlorine sterilization of bacteria and alkali cleaning and can be used as a support of composite reverse osmosis membrane or a gas separation membrane as well as a method for manufacturing said microporous membrane. CONSTITUTION:The microporous membrane consists mainly of a polymer expressed in the repetitive unit of formula-(Ph-S)m-(Ph-SO2)n-(in the formula, Ph is a phenylene group; m,n are a natural number). In this membrane manufacture, an aprotic polar organic solvent is used as a solvent of polymer, which consists of 0.5 to 20wt% of lithium salt of monobasic acid for dissolving the polymer.
Abstract:
PURPOSE:To manufacture a semipermeable composite membrane having high organic substance-removing function and high desalting property and further excellent resistance to heat. solvents, and chemicals by selecting a specified organic solvent for the one used for interfacial polymerization condensation reaction. CONSTITUTION:A composite membrane is manufactured by coating a porous support with a polyamide-based active layer prepared by interfacial condensation of a multifunctional amine dissolved in water and a multifunctional acid halide dissolved in an organic solvent. As the organic solvent in which the multifunctional acid halide is dissolved, 1-bromopropane, l-bromohexane, 1,1,1- trichloroethane, tetrachloromethane, or their mixtures are selected. As a result, a semipermeable composite membrane having high organic substance-removing function, high desalting property, and high water permeation amount and furthermore excellent resistance to heat, solvents, and chemicals is obtained.
Abstract:
PURPOSE:To obtain a semipermeable composite membrane having high removability for organic substances and high desalting properties by using dichlorofluoroethane and/or dichlorotrifluoroethane as an organic solvent dissolving polyfunctional acid halides. CONSTITUTION:Polyfunctional amines such as aliphatic amines and aromatic amines dissolved in water and polyfunctional acid halides such as alicyclic acid halides and aromatic acid halides dissolved in an organic solvent are subjected to interfacial polycondensation. At this time, as an organic solvent, dichlorofluoroethane and/or dichlorotrifluoroethane is used. Then, the surface of a porous supporting body is coated with the obtd. polyamide active layer to manufacture a composite membrane. This semipermeable composite membrane has high removability for organic substances, high desalting properties and a high water permeability and furthermore is excellent in heat, solvent and chemical resistances.