Abstract:
A specific small area of a crystal sample (11) is scanned by a laser beam in a spiral pattern (2a, 2b). The laser beam is reflected different amounts for different beam positions to produce a reflectance pattern indicative of crystallographic orientation. The reflected beam radiation may be determined with a photodetector (12) and the reflectance pattern may be interpreted with circuitry (13) which also controls steering of the beam.
Abstract:
La présente invention est relative à un appareil de détection et de numération de particules fluorescentes ou rendues fluorescentes, portées par un support solide et à un procédé de détection desdites particules, à l'aide dudit appareil. L'appareil de détection et de numération de particules, présentes normalement, ou éventuellement contenues en tant que contaminants, dans un fluide liquide ou gazeux, ou dans un produit notamment alimentaire ou d'hygiène, par fluorimétrie, comprend une source lumineuse (10), des moyens de focalisation (12) du faisceau issu de ladite source lumineuse et au moins un moyen de détection (40) de la lumière fluorescente émise par les particules (60) présentes, et comprend en outre : - un support (50) approprié à la collecte des particules naturellement fluorescentes ou rendues fluorescentes à l'aide d'au moins un colorant approprié choisi dans le groupe qui comprend les colorants vitaux, les colorants de viabilité positive et des substances fluorescentes portées par des anticorps et/ou des sondes nucléiques, - des moyens de balayage (21, 31, 35) de la totalité de la surface du support à analyser, par ledit faisceau lumineux, - et, un microprocesseur (45) de traitement pourvu d'au moins un moyen d'enregistrement et de comptage simultané des signaux électriques transmis par le/les dispositifs de détection (40) et le système de balayage (21, 31, 35).
Abstract:
Apparatus and a method for performing high resolution optical imaging in the near infrared of internal features of semiconductor wafers (110) uses an optical device (112) made from a material having a high index of refraction and held in very close proximity to the wafer (110). The optical device (112) may either be a prism (130) or a plano-convex lens (112). The plano-convex lens (112) may be held in contact with the wafer (110) or separated from the wafer via an air bearing (112') or an optical coupling fluid (214) to allow the sample to be navigated beneath the lens (112). The lens (112) may be used in a number of optical instruments such as a bright field microscope, a Schlieren microscope, a dark field microscope, a Linnik interferometer, a Raman spectroscope and an absorption spectroscope.
Abstract:
A method and apparatus for measuring a defect distribution comprising introducing a narrowed laser beam into an object to be observed, receiving scattering lights generated at the defect portions of the object by a photoelectric conversion element, and measuring automatically the density and density distribution of the defects inside the object on the basis of the output image data of the photoelectric conversion element.
Abstract:
Two independent detection systems are provided for measuring thermal waves generated in a sample (22) by a periodic, localized heating cause by a laser beam (34) modulated by a modulator (32). One detection system generates output signals that are primarily a function of the surface temperature of the sample. The other detection system generates signals that are primarily a function of the integral of the temperature beneath the sample surface. The two independent thermal wave measurements permit analysis of both thickness and compositional variables. Both detection systems are implemented efficiently by one apparatus consisting of an He-Ne laser (50) directing a probe beam (52) through a polarising splitter (54) and a dichroic mirror (36) and the objective (38) of the heating beam (34) onto a spot at the heated spot of the sample (22). The probe beam (52) is reflected at an intensity that depends on the surface temperature and is deflected by an angle that depends on the integral of temperature beneath the surface. The reflected beam passes back to the splitter (54) where it is reflected to a split photodetector (80) from which the differential output indicates integral of temperature and sum output indicates surface temperature to a processor (58) determining thickness and compositional variables therefrom.
Abstract:
Two independent detection systems are provided for measuring thermal waves generated in a sample (22) by a periodic, localized heating cause by a laser beam (34) modulated by a modulator (32). One detection system generates output signals that are primarily a function of the surface temperature of the sample. The other detection system generates signals that are primarily a function of the integral of the temperature beneath the sample surface. The two independent thermal wave measurements permit analysis of both thickness and compositional variables. Both detection systems are implemented efficiently by one apparatus consisting of an He-Ne laser (50) directing a probe beam (52) through a polarising splitter (54) and a dichroic mirror (36) and the objective (38) of the heating beam (34) onto a spot at the heated spot of the sample (22). The probe beam (52) is reflected at an intensity that depends on the surface temperature and is deflected by an angle that depends on the integral of temperature beneath the surface. The reflected beam passes back to the splitter (54) where it is reflected to a split photodetector (80) from which the differential output indicates integral of temperature and sum output indicates surface temperature to a processor (58) determining thickness and compositional variables therefrom.
Abstract:
Provided are methods, devices and systems that utilize free- surface fluidics and SERS for analyte detection with high sensitivity and specificity. The molecules can be airborne agents, including but not limited to explosives, narcotics, hazardous chemicals, or other chemical species. The free-surface fluidic architecture is created using an open microchannel, and exhibits a large surface to volume ratio. The free-surface fluidic interface can filter interferent molecules, while concentrating airborne analyte molecules. The microchannel flow enables controlled aggregation of SERS-active probe particles in the flow, thereby enhancing the detector's sensitivity.
Abstract:
The description relates to a device for handling, treating and observing small particles, especially biological particles. A first laser (4) generates light beams in a first wavelength range which are focussed by a first optical device (12, 13; 14, 15) and form an optical trap. A slide (22) holds corresponding particles. There is also a light source (17) for observation purposes and observation and recording devices for observing the particles and recording their behaviour. A second laser (3) generates light beams in a second wavelength range which are focussed so that particles on the slide may be treated. The optical devices for the light beams can be positioned and adjusted independently of each other and thus the light beams can be focussed in the same object plane of the slide at the start of treatment and observation independently of their wavelengths.