Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for carrying out endothermic, heterogeneously catalyzed reactions during which the reactants are reacted in the presence of a mixture of inert heat exchanger particles and catalyst particles, the catalyst particles being regenerated at regular intervals in a non-oxidative atmosphere and the required reaction heat being supplied by separating the inert heat exchanger particles, heating the heat exchanger particles in a heating zone and returning the heated heat exchanger particles to the reaction zone. The method according to the invention is particularly suitable for the non-oxidative dehydroaromatization of C 1 -C 4 aliphates in the presence of zeolite catalysts.
Abstract:
Disclosed is a method for the direct amination of hydrocarbons into amino hydrocarbons by reacting a feedstock stream E containing at least one hydrocarbon and at least one amination reagent so as to obtain a reaction mixture R containing amino hydrocarbon and hydrogen in a reaction zone RZ, and electrochemically separating at least some of the hydrogen produced during the reaction from the reaction mixture R by means of a gas-tight membrane-electrode assembly comprising at least one membrane selectively conducting protons and at least one electrode catalyst on each side of the membrane, wherein at least some of the hydrogen is oxidized to protons on the anode catalyst on the retentate side of the membrane, and the protons are reacted with oxygen on the cathode catalyst on the permeate side after penetrating the membrane so as to obtain water, the oxygen being fed from an oxygen-containing stream O that is brought in contact with the permeate side of the membrane.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for producing phthalic anhydride by the gas phase oxidation of xylene, naphthalene or mixtures thereof in a multitube fixed-bed reactor, which is thermostatted by a heat-transfer medium, on two different fixed-bed catalysts arranged in layers. The invention method is carried out in such a manner that the maximum temperature in the second catalyst layer arranged in the direction of flow is approximately at least 52 °C lower than the maximum temperature in the first catalyst layer. The inventive method enables the production of phthalic anhydride with high yields under conditions relevant to practice.