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    Additives to fuels for otto-cycle internal-combustion engines
    72.
    发明专利
    Additives to fuels for otto-cycle internal-combustion engines 未知

    公开(公告)号：GB928694A

    公开(公告)日：1963-06-12

    申请号：GB2468860

    申请日：1960-07-15

    Applicant: BASF AG

    Inventor： HAARER ERICH ,  NOTTES GEUNTHER ,  WOLF WILLY

    IPC: C10L1/14 ,  C10L1/18 ,  C10L1/22

    Abstract: An additive for a fuel for an Otto-cycle engine comprises monomethylformamide, (HCONH-CH3), and one or more solubilizers from the following classes of substances, namely: (1) low boiling point monohydric aliphatic alcohols containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms; (2) monoethers of dihydric alcohols; and (3) heterocyclic compounds containing oxygen and/or nitrogen. Suitable solubilizers include methanol, ethanol, isopropanol and isobutanol in class 1; diethylene glycol monoethyl ether, diethylene glycol monopropyl ether, ethylene glycol monoethyl ether and ethylene glycol monopropyl ether in class 2; and pyrrolidone and its derivatives and dioxolanes in class 3. A p mixture of monomethylformamide, methanol, isobutanol and methyl pyrrolidone is stated to possess a synergistic effect.

    Hydrogenation of carboxylic acids to alcohols
    73.
    发明专利
    Hydrogenation of carboxylic acids to alcohols 未知

    公开(公告)号：GB921477A

    公开(公告)日：1963-03-20

    申请号：GB1774261

    申请日：1961-05-16

    Applicant: BASF AG

    Inventor： CORR HUBERT ,  HAARER ERICH ,  HORNBERGER PAUL

    IPC: C07C29/149

    Abstract: Catalysts for the hydrogenation of carboxylic acids to alcohols consist of a metal hydrogenation catalyst, the catalytic activity of which is impaired by sulphur, and which is prepared by sintering the metals which may be used are preferably copper, silver, manganese, iron, nickel and especially cobalt and may be supported on pumice, alumina, kieselguhr, silica gel, synthetic or natural silicates, porcelain or quartz. The "sintering" is defined as heating the catalyst to a temperature which is not high enough to melt the catalyst but high enough to unite the particles in order to reduce the surface area and to improve the mechanical strength. If desired the oxide of the metal may be sintered and then reduced to the metal.ALSO:Carboxylic acids are hydrogenated in the liquid phase to alcohols at elevated temperature and at atmospheric or increased pressure by means of hydrogen in the presence of a metal hydrogenation catalyst, the catalytic activity of which is impaired by sulphur, and which has been prepared by sintering. The term "prepared by sintering" is defined as heating the catalyst to a temperature which is not high enough to melt the catalyst but high enough to unite the particles to reduce the surface area and to improve the mechanical strength. The process is particularly suitable for the hydrogenation of fatty acids with 3-20 carbon atoms, alkanoic dicarboxylic acids with 3-12 carbon atoms, aliphatic hydroxycarboxylic acids with 4-8 carbon atoms, aromatic hydroxycarboxylic acids with 7-9 carbon atoms, mononuclear aromatic monoor dicarboxylic acids and cycloalkanoic monoand dicarboxylic acids with 5 or 6 carbon atoms in the ring. The acids are preferably treated in aqueous or alcoholic solution at 150-300 DEG C The preferred catalysts are copper, silver, manganese, iron, nickel and especially cobalt. The catalyst may be sintered, if desired, in admixture with carrier substances such as pumice, alumina, kieselguhr, silica gel, silicates, porcelain or quartz, at temperatures which preferably lie only just below the melting-point of the metal used. The oxides of the metals may be used as starting materials for the catalysts and in this case they are sintered and then reduced to the metal. Examples are given of the conversion of (a) adipic acid to hexane-diol-(1,6); (b) glutaric acid to pentane-diol-(1,5); (c) the acid-containing product obtained by the oxidation of cyclohexane to a mixture of hexanediol-(1,6), pentanediol-(1,5) and butane-diol-(1,4); (d) propionic acid to n-propyl alcohol; (e) benzoic acid to benzyl alcohol; (f) cyclohexyl carboxylic acid to cyclohexyl carbinol; (g) salicylic acid to salicyl alcohol and (h) o -hydroxycaproic acid to hexanediol-(1,6).

    Porous plastics and their production
    75.
    发明专利
    Porous plastics and their production 未知

    公开(公告)号：GB864815A

    公开(公告)日：1961-04-06

    申请号：GB2417958

    申请日：1958-07-28

    Applicant: BASF AG

    Inventor： BAUMEISTER WILHELM ,  GAETH RUDOLF ,  HAARER ERICH ,  SCHWARZ ADOLF

    IPC: C08J9/02

    Abstract: Polymers of tertiary butyl esters of monocarboxylic acids which contain one ethylenic double bond may be expanded by heating above their sofetning and decomposition ranges so that isobutylene is split off and expands the polymers. The polymers may be homopolymers of tertiary butyl acrylate and tertiary butyl methacrylate and copolymers of these monomers with vinyl chloride and vinylidene chloride and crosslinking agents such as divinylbenzene. The polymers may be mixed with other polymers, e.g. polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride and polyisobutylene; plasticisers, e.g. phthalic acid esters; and synthetic rubbers, e.g. copolymers of butadiene and acrylonitrile. Expansion may be effected by treating with steam or hot, non-solvent liquids, by infra-red heating or high frequency heating and the products used for heat and sound insulation.ALSO:Polymers of tertiary butyl esters of monocarboxylic acids which contain one ethylenic double band may be expanded by heating above their softening and decomposition ranges so that isobutylene is split off and expands the polymers. The polymers may be homopolymers of tertiary butyl acrylate and tertiary butyl methacrylate and copolymers of these monomers with vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride and cross linking agents such as divinylbenzene. The polymers may be mixed with other polymers, e.g. polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride and polyisobutylene; plasticisers, e.g. phthalic acid esters; and synthetic rubbers, e.g. copolymers of butadiene and acrylonitrile. Expansion may be effected by treating with steam or hot, non-solvent liquids, by infra red heating or high frequency heating, and the products used for heat and sound insulation.

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