Abstract:
The disclosure relates to a condensation monitor suitable for use in sterilisation by condensation processes comprising an electrical circuit including a printed circuit board (10) having a surface with a pair of surface conductors (11,12) deposited thereon and separated by a predetermined gap. Means are provided responsive to variation in electrical resistance between the spaced conductors to indicate when condensation to a predetermined level has occurred on the surface of the board between the conductors.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a method for treating the surface of a ceramic hybrid substrate with ceramic surface areas and metallic surface areas. According to said method, the ceramic surface areas (14) are esterified.
Abstract:
To reduce ionic contaminants on printed circuit boards that are at least partially covered with a solder resist mask and are provided with top layers on the copper structures, an aqueous cleaning solution is used, which contains at least one ethanolamine compound and/or the salt thereof, at least one alcoholic solvent and, at need, at least one guanidine compound and/or the salt thereof.
Abstract:
An electroless plating method of the present invention includes the steps of preparing a substrate (15) having an insulating body (10) and a conductive pattern (12) formed thereon, adhering a catalytic metal (14) serving as a catalyst of an electroless plating onto the insulating body (10) and the conductive pattern (12), forming selectively a protection film (16) or an oxidizing agent used to oxidize the catalytic metal on the catalytic metal (14) in a space portion (S) between the conductive pattern (12), and forming selectively a metal layer (18) on the conductive pattern (12) by the electroless plating.