Abstract:
A process is proposed for preparing formic acid by reaction of carbon dioxide (1) with hydrogen (2) in a hydrogenation reactor (I) in the presence of a catalyst containing an element from group 8, 9 or 10 of the Periodic Table, of a tertiary amine containing at least 12 carbon atoms per molecule, and of a polar solvent comprising one or more monoalcohols selected from methanol, ethanol, propanols and butanols, to form formic acid/amine adducts as intermediates, which are subsequently cleaved thermally, the workup of the outputs (3) from the hydrogenation reactor (I) being performed with addition of water, and this increasing the partition coefficient of the catalyst between the upper phase (4) and the lower phase.
Abstract:
The present invention relates to a catalytic process for preparing an α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt, comprising contacting an alkene and carbon dioxide with a carboxylation catalyst being a transition metal complex, an alkoxide, and an organic solvent, to obtain an α,β-ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid salt, the organic solvent being incompletely miscible with water at a pressure of 1 bar at at least one temperature T and selected from amides and ureas, T being a temperature in the range from 10° C. to 90° C.
Abstract:
The invention relates to a process for the production of 1,6-difunctionalized hexane derivatives from 1,3-diunsaturated hydrocarbons, preferably butadiene, wherein a hydroformylation with carbon monoxide and hydrogen is performed in the presence of an at least dihydric alkanol and during the hydroformylation the temperature is increased. The reaction yields the acetals of the 1,6-hexanedial derivatives which are isolated and further reacted to obtain the desired 1,6-difunctionalized hexane derivatives, in particular 1,6-hexanediamine, 1,6-hexanediol and adipic acid.