Abstract:
Processes, systems, and apparatuses are disclosed for forming products from atomized metals and alloys. A stream of molten alloy and/or a series of droplets of molten alloy are produced. The molten alloy is atomized to produce electrically-charged particles of the molten alloy by impinging electrons on the stream of molten alloy and/or the series of droplets of molten alloy. The electrically-charged molten alloy particles are accelerated with at least one of an electrostatic field and an electromagnetic field. The accelerating molten alloy particles are cooled to a temperature that is less than a solidus temperature of the molten alloy particles so that the molten alloy particles solidify while accelerating. The solid alloy particles are impacted onto a substrate and the impacting particles deform and metallurgically bond to the substrate to produce a solid alloy preform.
Abstract:
Forge lubrication processes are disclosed. A solid lubricant (38) sheet is placed between a workpiece (30) and a die (34; 36) in a forging apparatus. Force is applied to the workpiece (30) with the die (34; 36) to plastically deform the workpiece. The solid lubricant sheet (38) decreases the shear factor for the forging system and reduces the incidence of die-locking.
Abstract:
One non-limiting embodiment of an apparatus for forming an alloy powder or preform includes a melting assembly, an atomizing assembly, and a field generating assembly, and a collector. The melting assembly produces at least one of a stream of a molten alloy and a series of droplets of a molten alloy, and may be substantially free from ceramic in regions contacted by the molten alloy. The atomizing assembly generates electrons and impinges the electrons on molten alloy from the melting assembly, thereby producing molten alloy particles. The field generating assembly produces at least one of an electrostatic field and an electromagnetic field between the atomizing assembly and the collector. The molten alloy particles interact with the at least one field, which influences at least one of the acceleration, speed, and direction of the molten alloy particles. Related methods also are disclosed.
Abstract:
A method of processing an alloy ingot or other alloy workpiece to reduce thermal cracking may generally comprise depositing a glass material onto at least a portion of a surface of a workpiece, and heating the glass material to form a surface coating on the workpiece that reduces heat loss from the workpiece. The present disclosure also is directed to an alloy workpieces processed according to methods described herein, and to articles of manufacture including or made from alloy workpieces made according to the methods.
Abstract:
A forging die (412', 414' ) heating or preheating apparatus (420) comprises a burner head (422) comprising a plurality of flame ports (426). The burner head (422) is oriented to compliment an orientation of at least a region of a forging surface of a forging die and is configured to receive and combust a supply of an oxidizing gas and a supply of a fuel and produce flames at the flame ports. The burner portion (432) can be movable with respect to the burner portion (432') to conform at least a portion of the burner head (422) to an orientation of the forging surface (416') of the forging die (410'). The plurality of flame ports (426) are thus configured to impinge the flames onto the forging surface (416', 418') of the forging die to substantially uniformly heat at least the region of the forging surface of the forging die.
Abstract:
An apparatus for melting an electrically conductive metallic material includes a vacuum chamber and a hearth disposed in the vacuum chamber. At least one wire-discharge ion plasma electron emitter is disposed in or adjacent the vacuum chamber and is positioned to direct a wide-area field of electrons into the vacuum chamber, wherein the wide-area electron field has sufficient energy to heat the electrically conductive metallic material to its melting temperature. The apparatus may further include, at least one of a mold and an atomizing apparatus which is in communication with the vacuum chamber and is positioned to receive molten material from the hearth. Preferably, the pressure within the furnace chamber is maintained at more than 5,3 Pa to decrease evaporation of volatile elements.
Abstract:
A thermo-mechanical treatment process is disclosed. A nickel-base alloy workpiece is heated in a first heating step to a temperature greater than the M23C6 carbide solvus temperature of the nickel-base alloy. The nickel-base alloy workpiece is worked in a first working step to a reduction in area of 20% to 70%. The nickel-base alloy workpiece is at a temperature greater than the M23C6 carbide solvus temperature when the first working step begins. The nickel-base alloy workpiece is heated in a second working step to a temperature greater than 1700 F (926 C) and less than the M23C6 carbide solvus temperature of the nickel-base alloy. The nickel-base alloy workpiece is not permitted to cool to ambient temperature between completion of the first working step and the beginning of the second heating step. The nickel-base alloy workpiece is worked to a second reduction in area of 20% to 70%. The nickel-base alloy workpiece is at a temperature greater than 1700 F (926 C) and less than the M23C6 carbide solvus temperature of the nickel-base alloy when the second working step begins.
Abstract:
Processes and methods related to processing and hot working alloy ingots are disclosed. A metallic material layer is deposited onto at least a region of a surface of an alloy ingot before hot working the alloy ingot. The processes and methods are characterized by a reduction in the incidence of surface cracking of the alloy ingot during hot working.
Abstract:
An apparatus for melting an electrically conductive metallic material comprises an auxiliary ion plasma electron emitter configured to produce a focused electron field including a cross-sectional profile having a first shape. The apparatus further comprises a steering system configured to direct the focused electron field to impinge the focused electron field on at least a portion of the electrically conductive metallic material to at least one of melt or heat any solidified portions of the electrically conductive metallic material, any solid condensate within the electrically conductive metallic material, and/or regions of a solidifying ingot.
Abstract:
A method for refining and casting metals and metal alloys includes melting and refining a metallic material and then casting the refined molten material by a nucleated casting technique. The casting metals and metal alloys is refined by a melting and refining apparatus (20), and the refined molten material is provided to the atomizing nozzle (62) of a nucleated casting apparatus (60) through a transfer apparatus (40) adapted to maintain the purity of the molten refined material. The melting and refining apparatus (20), the transfer apparatus (40), and the nucleated casting appartus (60) are in serial fluid communication.